NEGOTIATION SPANISH-ITALIAN 2

The Spanish-Italian Negotiation 2 course is part of the Linguistic and Cultural Mediation degree programme and is aimed at third-year students with adequate Italian-Spanish language proficiency. The course aims to deepen the theory and practical knowledge on interpreting introduced in the Spanish-Italian Negotiation 1 course, in particular liaison interpreting, i.e. a bilateral interpreting method involving the interaction of two or more parties who - although expressing themselves in different languages - communicate thanks to the service provided by the interpreter.
An overview of the main application areas of liaison interpreting (e.g. business negotiations, interviews, mediation in hospitals, contacts at trade fairs, meetings at public institutions, etc.) will therefore be presented throughout the course, accompanied by the necessary theory-based and practical tools in order for students to acquire and develop:
- adequate skills for concentration, active listening, and memory skills;
- the ability to understand, analyze, synthesize, and translate information with precision into another language;
- strategies for interacting effectively in different communication settings simulating liaison interpreting contexts;
- a strong sensitivity for self-learning and constant improvement at a language and extra-linguistic level, as well as regarding speech effectiveness in public speaking, tone of voice, and body language;
- basic information on the professional aspects of interpreting (associations of interpreters in Italy and Spanish-speaking countries, sworn interpreters, economic framework, code of ethics, etc.).

The student will be able to distinguish the different interpreting methods - liaison, consecutive, and simultaneous (including chuchotage) - as well as the main communicative situations of language mediation.
Having dealt at first with activities such as sight translation, memorisation and the introduction of the prise de notes technique, the student will then be able to listen, memorise - also with the support of his/her own notes - and interpret oral dialogic sources from Spanish into Italian and vice versa.
Typical communicative contexts will be introduced in consideration of the economic, social and cultural development of the territory, ranging from art to tourism, from commercial negotiations to product presentations, without neglecting the typical areas of cultural mediation (hospital, education, safety, etc.) and interviews with people from the world of culture, sport, entertainment, and so on.
The student will be able to search for specific linguistic and extralinguistic information on the basis of the briefing received, as well as to independently elaborate and update specific glossaries for the different semantic fields covered throughout the lessons.
In addition to improving their language skills, by the end of the course students will also have grasped the relevance of their extralinguistic skills, of being informed about current affairs, of being able to detect and correctly interpret realia, cultural references, proverbs, etc.
Students will also deepen their knowledge on the ethical and deontological aspects of professional interpreting.

The course requires prior knowledge of interpretation, which the student will have acquired through attendance of module 1.
A native speaker level of Italian and an excellent knowledge of Spanish are required, along with an adequate cultural background in both languages of study.

After a review of the different types of interpreting and the peculiar aspects of interpreting, the course will focus on liaison interpreting, and its key feature: the need to switch from one language - generally one's mother tongue - to another language and vice versa with ease and immediacy, seamlessly, thus providing both active and passive interpreting in both Italian and Spanish.
A negotiation is articulated in dialogic exchanges whose duration and difficulty may vary depending on the subject, context, parties involved and so on, presenting different levels of formality, specificity and register; as a result, each interpreting session will be first introduced by the relevant context and topic, followed by brainstorming on the expected key words and semantic field, thus initiating the student to the acquisition and consolidation of effective techniques in the preliminary preparation and then in the oral interaction, specifically in liaison interpreting.
As preparatory activities, in the classroom we will work on active listening, memorising and searching for key words and synthesis skills. To achieve these objectives, techniques such as shadowing and sight translation will be introduced.
The student will be made aware of the importance of clear, complete, correct and accurate oral delivery in both languages of study. Subsequently, in order to increase the interpreter's degree of accuracy, the basics of note-taking will be introduced.
Various situations will be simulated following an interactive dialogue prepared in advance by the lecturer; the topic will be briefed in the previous lesson in order to stimulate documentary and individual study and the autonomous drafting of glossaries. The course therefore provides for the guided analysis of some realistic contexts for liaison interpreting, e.g. a business negotiation, a meeting in a social or health context, an interview with a designer presenting a product, a tour operator, an art critic, or prominent figures from the world of culture, music, sport, and so on. In this regard, the following sectors in particular will be introduced: the world of wine and organic wine, food and wine delights, green building and sustainable architecture, tourism linked to the territory and examples of niche tourism, thus providing a specific vocabulary introduced in class and then consolidated by the student with ad hoc glossaries.
Students will also be made aware of the importance of quality in their delivery, of being able to adopt the appropriate register according to the parties involved, the level of formality, and the subject matter of the interpreting situation presented, as well as the importance of expanding their cultural background and staying informed about current events.

The following are some recommended bibliographical references:

- Falbo C., Russo M., Straniero Sergio F. (a cura di), Interpretazione simultanea e consecutiva. Milan, Hoepli, 1999.
- Mariottini L., Tedeschi S., Sánchez Castellanos A., La mediación lingüística y cultural. Milan, Hoepli, 2020.

The references already indicated for Spanish-Italian Negotiation Course 1 are also confirmed as follows:
- Russo M., Mack G. (eds.). Interpretazione di trattativa. La mediazione linguistico-culturale nel contesto formativo e professionale. Milan, Hoepli, 2005.
- Lasorsa A., Manuale di teoria dell'interpretazione consecutiva. Padua, Piccin, 1995.
- Bosch March C., Técnicas de interpretación consecutiva: la toma de notas. Editorial Comares, 2013.

Further references to useful websites, web pages, and articles in Spanish will be provided in class and uploaded to moodle where possible.

Students will take an oral test of active and passive Italian-Spanish interpretation in a field and topic related to the situations dealt with in class during the course.
The duration of the oral interpreting test will be between 8 and 10 minutes. The student may use note-taking.
Please note that in order to take the Negotiation 2 exam, the student must have successfully completed the module 1 exam.

To support the theoretical-practical contents of the course, practical exercises will be carried out aimed at strengthening the students' ability to listen, understand, memorise, summarise and reformulate in both languages, paying particular attention to the contrastive analysis of the translation choices made by the interpreter in turn, focusing in particular in the feedback on the grammatical and syntactic aspects underlying such choices in order to acquire greater language self-awareness and prevent the fossilisation of loan translations.
Students will be invited with due notice to draft a dialogue in pairs on a topic agreed upon with the lecturer, simulating a mock meeting, its relevant context and a profile of the parties involved. They will then present it to their classmates who will subsequently interpret the role-played meeting.
Guidelines and strategies for perfecting public speaking skills such as tone of voice, posture, and body language will also be provided.

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