GENERAL PHYSICS 1

This course is one of the basic training activities of the degree course in Chemistry and Sustainable Technologies. It allows students to acquire the knowledge and understanding of the main concepts of classical mechanics, which represent a fundamental cultural background in all scientific disciplines.
The educational objectives of the course are:
1) Developing the ability to solve problems of classical mechanics (kinematics, statics, dynamics) by applying the main laws;
2) Favoring and stimulating the use of logical and deductive thinking in the resolution of these problems (an approach of fundamental importance to face any problem in the scientific field);
3) Developing the ability to present scientific concepts formally, both orally and in writing;
4) Developing dexterity and autonomy while dealing with simple experimental problems, either alone or in small workgroups;
5) Favoring an appropriate experimental approach to scientific research and the use of instruments for measuring things;
6) Knowing how to treat and interpret the collected experimental data, as well as to report them in a contextual scientific language.

1. Knowledge and understanding:
a) Knowing the main laws and the main concepts of classical physics concerning kinematics, statics and dynamics.
b) Knowing the main features of the process of acquisition and processing of experimental data.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding:
a) Knowing how to use the laws and the physical concepts learned to solve theoretical and practical problems in a logical and deductive way.
b) Knowing how to create a collection of experimental data (alone and in group) and a consequent elaboration that is consistent in the final results, to be prepared by writing a scientific report.

3. Making judgements:
a) Being able to evaluate the logical consistency of the results to which the application of the learned physical laws is applied, both in the theoretical field and in the case of experimental data.
b) Knowing how to recognize errors through a critical analysis of the applied method.

4. Communication:
a) Knowing how to communicate the knowledge learned and the result of its application using appropriate terminology, both in oral and written form.
b) Knowing how to interact with the teacher and with classmates respectfully and constructively, especially during the experimental work carried out in a group.

5. Lifelong learning skills:
a) Knowing how to take notes, and selecting and collecting information according to their importance and priority.
b) Being able to be sufficiently autonomous in the collection of experimental data.

To have reached the educational objectives of ISTITUZIONI DI MATEMATICA CON ESERCITAZIONI – 1, possibly (but not necessarily) having passed the examination of this course. In particular, the students should be able to master the concepts and methods related to differential and integral calculus, as well as possess the necessary knowledge of trigonometry.

FIRST PART:

INTRODUCTION
- Introduction to the course.
- International System of Units.

KINEMATICS OF A POINT PARTICLE
- Linear motion.
- Velocity and acceleration. Uniform linear motion and uniformly accelerated linear motion.
- Vertical motion, harmonic motion and damped motion.
- Motion in a plane.
- Circular motion and parabolic motion.

DYNAMICS OF A POINT PARTICLE
- Newton's laws.
- Momentum and impulse.
- Net force, equilibrium and constraint reactions.
- Forces: classifications and examples.
- The pendulum.
- Work, power and kinetic energy.
- Work of a force, potential energy.
- Conservation of energy.
- Angular momentum and momentum of a force.

RELATIVE MOTIONS
- Reference frames.
- Relativity.

DYNAMICS OF SYSTEMS WITH MORE POINT PARTICLES
- System of particles, the centre of mass.
- Momentum conservation.
- Theorem of angular momentum and conservation.
- König's theorems.
- Theorem of the kinetic energy.

COLLISIONS
- Elastic and inelastic collisions.

GRAVITATION
- Kepler's laws.
- Gravitational force.
- Gravitational energy and work of the gravitational force.

DYNAMICS AND STATICS OF THE RIGID BODY
- Definition of rigid body and motion.
- Rotation and moment of inertia.
- Huygens-Steiner's theorem.
- Rolling.
- Laws of conservation.

FLUID MECHANICS
- Generalities on fluids.
- Equilibrium.
- Archimedes' principle.
- Motion of a fluid and mass flow rate.
- Bernoulli's principle and applications.

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SECOND PART:

THEORY OF ERRORS
- Inevitability of errors and importance of their evaluation.
- Systematic and random errors.
- Estimation of random errors and their representation.
- Digits, absolute and relative errors.
- Errors in arbitrary functions of one or more variables and their propagation.
- Mean value, standard deviation and standard deviation of the mean.
- Histograms, distributions and confidence intervals.
- Methods of regression.

LABORATORY OF GENERAL PHYSICS 1
- Repeated measurements of the period of a Kater pendulum: Gaussian distribution of random errors.
- Measurements of rotational dynamics of a flywheel: determination of the moment of inertia.

FIRST PART

- P. MAZZOLDI, M. NIGRO, C. VOCI: "Fisica, Volume I", EdiSES, Napoli.
- P. MAZZOLDI, M. NIGRO, C. VOCI: "Elementi di Fisica - Meccanica e Termodinamica", EdiSES, Napoli.
- D. HALLIDAY, R. RESNICK, J. WALKER: "Fondamenti di fisica. Vol. 1: Meccanica, Onde, Termodinamica (Settima Edizione)", Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano.
- H. D. YOUNG, R. A. FREEDMAN: "Principi di Fisica: Meccanica, onde e termodinamica Vol. 1", Pearson Italia, Milano - Torino
- D. C. GIANCOLI: "Fisica 1: Meccanica, onde, termodinamica", CEA Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano

SECOND PART

- J. R. TAYLOR: "Introduzione all'analisi degli errori. Lo studio delle incertezze nelle misure fisiche", Zanichelli, Bologna.
- M. LORETI: "Teoria degli Errori e Fondamenti di Statistica, Edizioni Decibel-Zanichelli 1998 (freely available at the following website: http://wwwcdf.pd.infn.it/labo/INDEX.html ).

The assessment method includes three mandatory tests: a written exam, an oral exam, and a laboratory test. The final grade will reflect the results obtained in each of the three tests.

The written exam consists of a series of exercises related to the first part of the program indicated in the "Contents" section, to be solved numerically with justification of the methods used. This test verifies that students have acquired the concepts presented during the lessons and are able to apply them consistently to solve problems. During the written exam, only a scientific calculator is allowed; notes, books, or other electronic devices are not permitted. Students have two options for taking this exam:
- Option 1: Single written exam
→ Taken during the regular exam session
→ Minimum score to pass: 18/30
→ Maximum score: 30/30
→ Duration: 2 hours and 30 minutes
→ Covers the entire course content
- Option 2: Written exam with an intermediate test
→ Consists of an intermediate test halfway through the course and a “reduced” written test in the exam session
→ Minimum score to pass each test: 9/30
→ Maximum score for each test: 15/30
→ Duration of each test: 1 hour and 15 minutes
→ Each test covers approximately half of the course content

The oral exam includes a series of questions on both parts of the program indicated in the "Contents" section. Students must demonstrate both their understanding of the topics covered in class and their ability to formally present them. The oral exam lasts approximately 30 minutes and must be taken within the academic year in which the written exam was passed, on a date agreed with the instructor. The maximum achievable score is 30/30, while the minimum score to pass the exam is 18/30.

The laboratory test requires mandatory participation in both laboratory sessions. It consists of writing a scientific report on the experimental measurements conducted, which must describe the experimental approach, data processing, and the final result, including measurement uncertainty. The report must be submitted to the instructor a few days before the oral exam. This test assesses the student’s ability to handle experimental and practical problems, process experimental data accurately, and write a formal scientific report. The report is graded from -3/30 to +3/30, which is added to the average grade of the other two tests (written and oral) to form the final grade.

Teaching is organized in:
a) Lectures, including solving of exercises;
b) Two laboratory experiences in which the students, working in groups, carry out the collection of experimental data and data processing. For both laboratory experiences, there is a compulsory attendance. Failing to attend the two experiences would result in the student not passing the relative part of the exam.

In the "Moodle" platform of the University, it will be possible to find teaching material.

Italian

Accessibility, Disability and Inclusion

Accommodation and support services for students with disabilities and students with specific learning impairments:
Ca’ Foscari abides by Italian Law (Law 17/1999; Law 170/2010) regarding support services and accommodation available to students with disabilities. This includes students with mobility, visual, hearing and other disabilities (Law 17/1999), and specific learning impairments (Law 170/2010). In the case of disability or impairment that requires accommodations (i.e., alternate testing, readers, note takers or interpreters) please contact the Disability and Accessibility Offices in Student Services: disabilita@unive.it

written and oral

This subject deals with topics related to the macro-area "Climate change and energy" and contributes to the achievement of one or more goals of U. N. Agenda for Sustainable Development