LABORATORY OF GENERAL CHEMISTRY - MOD.1

The course is the basic training activity for the chemistry area in the Degree in Chemistry and Sustainable Technologies, and allows the student to acquire the first knowledge of the main concepts in chemistry, leading the way to the following courses where most part of the topics will be faced again and strenghtened.

The approach to the most relevant physico-chemical phenomena starts from a storical and/or descriptive point to obtain or present the mathematical expression of the Laws of Chemistry. Complementary is the teaching of stoichiometry (which is present only in this course) as the pratical and numerical calculation of the variabiles in real chemical systems or as the result of different analytical techniques.

Specific learning targets are: a) basic knowledge on matter structure (atoms, molecules etc); b) highlight relationships among macroscopic physical and chemical properties and atomic and molecular characteristics; c) introducing the energetics of chemical transformations (chemical thermodinamics) and its predictive abilities; d) exploit the ability to make exact and appoximate calculation applying the Laws of Chemistry and Stoichiometry in practical situations (numerical exercises and lab work).

1. Knowledge and comprehension
a) The students are expected to master the properties and chemical behaviour
of atoms and molecules on the atomic scale and how these behaviour
determines the macroscopic properties and reactivity of elements and
compounds.
b) They will have to master the quantitative laws that rule physical and
chemical equilibria, and energy exchange in electrochemical systems.

2. Ability to apply knowledge and comprehension
a) students must become able to calculate concentrations/pressure etc for species involved in equilibria and redox reactions.
b) Students are expected to be able to put in relation bulk properties of substances to atomic and molecular properties, depending on the type of bonds present in the molecules.

3. Ability in management
a) At the end of the course they should be able anyway to solve, by logical
and rigorous scientific reasoning, problems in stoichiometry using their
chemical and mathematical knowledge.
b) They are expected to be able to interpretate experimental facts in the light of chemical theories (atomic structure, bond, equilibria etc).

4) Ability of communicate
a) They are expected to be able to communicate and explain, in the correct
chemical terms, all the contents of the course.
b) They should be able to report simply but rigorously on their lab
experiences, in written form.

5) Ability to learn
a) Students are expected, on the bases of the acquired knowledge, to be able to follow and comprehend the lectures of the following, more specialized course,
b) Students are expected to be able to take notes and select informations according to their priority and value.

Some basic mathematical skills: decimal logarithm rules and use properties;
first and second degree equations, systems of equations.
Some basic physics knowledge: kinetic and potential energy, work and power, electric charge, Coulomb's law, electric dipole, current.

The foundations of chemistry: atoms, elements, molecules, states of matter,
measurement units (SI). Lavoisier's and Dalton's laws.
Chemical formulas,atoms and ions, atomic weight, formula weight,
isomerism. Mole concept. Empirical formulas and their calculations from
analitical data.
Reaction Stoichiometry and their balancing, oxidation numbers and redox
reactions balancing.
Concentration units, molarity etc. Chemical equivalent and volumetric
analysis by chemical reactions: calculations and exercises.
Atomic structure: historical introduction, famous experiments in the
discovery of elemental particles. Quantum mechanics:Schrodinger's eq.,
orbitals, quantum numbers, aufbau principle and periodicity. Periodic
properties : electronic affinity, ionization energies, electronegativity
(Pauling), atomic and ionic radius.
The chemical bond in Lewis description : octect rule and Lewis formulae,
covalent bond and its theory; valence bond theory and hybridization
concept. VSEPR theory and molecular geometry. Molecular orbital theory
(LCAO-MO) and biatomic molecules. Ionic bond.
Gases and kinetic theory: perfect gas model, gases' Laws (Boyle,
Gay-Lussac, Charles, Avogadro, General Equation); real gases.
Chemical calculation on gases, ideal gas mixtures, Dalton laws and
molar fraction.
Condensed states: liquid and solid. Molecular and ionic solids and
liquids. Intermolecular forces and state transitions, surface tension.
State diagrams (T/P).
Solution process, solvation of molecular solids, gases and ions.
Solution laws : Raoult law and fractional distillation. Colligative
properties and related calculations (molecular weight, van't Hoff i
coeff.).
Principle of termodinamics: temperature, heath, work, internal energy
(First Law). Exothermic and endothermic processes. Thermodinamic
functions: hentalpy and its calculation in a reaction.

Whitten-Davis-Peck-Stanley, Chimica Generale, Piccin, Padova, ISBN:978-88-299-2033-4
- Petrucci-Harwood-Herring, Chimica Generale, Piccin, Padova, ISBN: 88-299-1671-4
- M. S. Silberberg, Chimica, McGraw-Hill, Milano, ISBN: 978-88-386-6423-4
- T.L.Brown, et alia, Fondamenti di Chimica, EdiSES, Napoli, ISBN: 978-88-7959-692-3
- D.W. Oxtoby, et alia, Chimica Moderna, Quarta ed., EdiSES Napoli, ISBN: 978-88-7959-7258
- A. Peloso, Problemi di Chimica Generale, 6 edizione. Libreria Cortina Padova, ISBN: 88-7784-262-8
- P.M. Lausarot, G.A. Vaglio, Stechiometria per la Chimica Generale, Piccin Padova, ISBN: 88-299-1727-3
- A.Caselli, S.Rizzato, F.Tessore, Stechiometria, quinta ed., EdiSES Napoli, ISBN: 978-88-7959-883-5

A preliminary written examination on stoichiometry exercises (five excercises, 2.5 hours), then (if succesfully fulfilled) an oral examination on the more theoretical part of the course.
The lab reports will have a weight (positive or negative) on the global final evaluation.

Classroom lectures with PowerPoint presentation of the material.
Classroom lectures with blackboard to develop demostrations and/or numerical examples and exercises.
The PowerPoint files are available to the students via Moodle

STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF THE COURSE COULD CHANGE AS A RESULT OF THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC.

Accessibility, Disability and Inclusion
Accommodation and support services for students with disabilities and students with specific learning impairments:
Ca’ Foscari abides by Italian Law (Law 17/1999; Law 170/2010) regarding support
services and accommodation available to students with disabilities. This includes students with mobility, visual, hearing and other disabilities (Law 17/1999), and specific learning impairments (Law 170/2010). In the case of disability or impairment that requires accommodations (i.e., alternate testing, readers, note takers or interpreters) please contact the Disability and Accessibility Offices in Student Services: disabilita@unive.it.

written and oral