ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY - MOD.1

The teaching course is a fundamental activity of the CdS in Sustainable Chemistry and Technologies. The teaching course provides the basics of chemical equilibrium theory and the principles of the main volumetric and gravimentric techniques in the field of analytical chemistry. Moreover, the course provides the knowledge and the comprehension of the main data analysis elaboration in the chemistry laboratories. The teaching course provides the ability to critically evaluate and face analytical chemistry issues throughout the discussion of cases of study.

Knowledge and Comprehension
Knowledge of the chemical equilibria in aqueous solutions. Knowledge of the principles of the main analytical volumetric and gravimentric methods in analytical chemistry. Knowledge of the analytical chemistry methods used for data treatment
Ability to apply knowledge and comprehension:
Evaluate the validity of analytical measurements. Individuate the suitable analytical methods to face a specific analytical problem. Properly present the results obtained from chemical analyses

Knowledge of the basics in general and inorganic chemistry. Knowledge of algebra and function analysis

The teaching course is structured in three main sections: (a) study of the equilibria in aqueous solutions: acid/base eq., precipitation eq., complexation eq., redox eq. (b) titrations that take advantages of the study of the equilibria: neutralization titrations, precipitation tit., complexometrix tit. and redox tit. (c) Statistical methods applied to analytical chemistry and introduction to Chemiometrics.

Detailed programme

Lecture 1. Introduction to the course. The equilibrium constant.
Lecture 2. The effect of the eletrolytes on the equilibrium constant. The Debye-Huckel equation. Strong acid (base)
Lecture 3. Monoprotic weak acid (base) equilibria. Methods of solving. Composition curves.
Lecture 4. Buffer solutions. Buffer capacity. Properties of the buffer solutions
Lecture 5. Neutralization titrations. Acid (base) titrations with strong base (acid). Indicators and pH measurements. (the topic of this lecture are preparatory to one laboratory experience).
Lecture 6. Conductometric titrations (the topic of this lecture are preparatory to one laboratory expe-rience).
Lecture 7. Neutralization titrations. Monoprotic weak acid (base) with strong base (acid). The Gran method. (the topic of this lecture are preparatory to one laboratory experience)
Lecture 8. Diprotic equilibria. Diprotic acids. Amphiprotic systems (NaHA). Diprotic buffer solutions.
Lecture 9. Composition curves of diprotic systems. Triprotic acid (base) equilibria. Triprotic buffer so-lutions.
Lecture 10. Neutralization titration of diprotic systems. Diprotic acid with strong base. Titration of carbonates. (the topic of this lecture are preparatory to one laboratory experience)
Lecture 11. Precipitation reactions and equilibria.
Lecture 12. Precipitation reactions and equilibria. Simultaneous equilibria (acid-base and precipita-tion)
Lecture 13. Precipitation titration. Mohr’s method. Vohlard’s method. Fajans’ method. (the topic of this lecture are preparatory to one laboratory experience)
Lecture 14. Complexation equilibria. Chelating agents. EDTA. Simultanoeus equilibria: acid/base-precipitation-complexation.
Lecture 15. Complexometric titrations. Titration of Ca and Mg with EDTA. (the topic of this lecture are preparatory to one laboratory experience)
Lecture 16. Redox equilibria. The Nernst equation
Lecture 17. Redox equilibria. Simultanoues equilibria : acid/base-precipitation-complexation-redox
Lecture 18. Redox titration: Ceriometric titrations
Lecture 19. Redox titration: Iodometric titrations
Lecture 20. Redox titration: The Winkler’s method . (the topic of this lecture are preparatory to one laboratory experience)
Lecture 21. Statistical methods applied to analytical chemistry. The Normal distribution. Confidence interval. t-Student distribution.
Lecture 22. Statistical hypothesis testing. Accuracy and trueness.
Lecture 23. Normality test. t-Student tests.
Lecture 24. Variance testing. Fisher’s test and Cochran’s test. Precision. The Horwitz equation. Chi-squared test.
Lecture 25. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
Lecture 26. Outliers’ test. Dixon Q-test. Grubbs’ test.
Lecture 27. Introduction to Chmiometry. Introduction to the principal component analysis (PCA)
Lecture 28. Introduction to the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)
Lecture 29. Classroom exercise
Lecture 30. Classroom exercise

The didactic material consists of (a) course notes provided by the teacher and available at the Moodle page (b) supplementary material : videos, R. files and .xls files available at the Moodle page of the course.
The use of the following books is warmly suggested. The book are available at the Campus library.
D.A. Skoog, D.M. West, F.J. Holler e S.R. Crouch Fondameni di Chimica Analitica, Edises.
V. Di Marco, P. Pastore, G.G. Bombi, Chimica analitica. Trattazione algebrica e grafica degli equili-bri chimici in soluzione acquosa, Edises
E. Desimoni, B. Brunetti, L' elaborazione dei dati nel laboratorio di analisi chimiche, CLUEB

The exam consists in three tests: written and exam that will added to the evaluation of the laboratory test.
The written exam consists in 6 exercises that must be solved in no longer than 3 hours. Two exercises for each macro section discussed in class (equilibria, titration and data analysis) will be assigned. The written exam will be passed with an evaluation not lower than 18/30 and allows the access to the oral exam. During the written exam it is allowed the use of a calculator. The use of the smartphone is not allowed. Paper material (first and second drafts) will be provided by the teacher.
During the oral exam it will be ascertained the comprehension of the theoretical and applicative as-pects of the topics discussed in class through an interview.
The final mark will account of the three tests (laboratory, written and oral). However, the final mark does not necessarily corresponds to the arithmetic average of the three partial marks.

The teaching activity is carried out throughout lectures. Every topic is followed by practical examples, exercises and case of study. During the first part of the teaching course, the use of informatic tools such as excel of R is explained.

Italian

STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF THE COURSE COULD CHANGE AS A RESULT OF THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC.
Accommodation and support services for students with disabilities and students with specific learning impairments: Ca’ Foscari abides by Italian Law (Law 17/1999; Law 170/2010) regarding support services and accommodation available to students with disabilities. This includes students with mobili-ty, visual, hearing and other disabilities (Law 17/1999), and specific learning impairments (Law 170/2010). In the case of disability or impairment that requires accommodations (i.e., alternate testing, readers, note takers or interpreters) please contact the Disability and Accessibility Offices in Student Services: disabilita@unive.it .

written and oral