ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY AND INSTRUMENTAL - MOD.1

The teaching of Instrumental Analytical Chemistry is part of the core educational activities of the three-year degree course in Chemistry and Sustainable Technologies, aimed at providing students with the appropriate preparation to deal with a chemical problem in its various articulations and with the appropriate use of current technical-scientific language.
The course is divided into two modules, theory lessons and laboratory practices. Both modules have common training objectives listed below:
1. To provide knowledge of the general principles on which the instrumental analytical techniques most commonly used in chemical analysis laboratories are based.
2. To provide knowledge on the functioning of the instrumentation and on the modality of reading the responses obtained from the different types of instruments and their correlation with the theoretical aspects dealt with.
3. To develop critical sense that allows students to evaluate the potentials, advantages and limitations of the various instrumental analytical techniques studied.
4. To introduce the students to the conscious evaluation of the role of instrumental analytical methods in the specific field of quality control.
5. To develop skills in the evaluation and reliability of an analytical data.
6. To develop familiarity and autonomy in dealing with experimental instrumental analytical problems, both alone and in small work groups.
7. To develop the ability to apply an analytical method in accordance with protocols already defined and / or established by precise legal regulations
8. To develop skills in the collection, organization and processing of experimental data and in the ability to present them in written and / or graphic form, using the appropriate scientific language.
9. To develop skills to interpret and critically evaluate the experimental results and verify their congruence with the theoretical laws underlying the techniques used.

1. Knowledge and understanding
A) Knowledge and understanding of the fundamental principles of separation instrumental analytical techniques and of the laws that govern them.
B) Knowledge and understanding of the elements that make up the instruments with which analytical measurements are performed by means of chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques and combinations thereof.

2. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding
A) Ability to use the laws and knowledge learned to establish, from a theoretical point of view, the performance of the tools and the results expected from their use.
B) Ability to understand instrumental aspects of any instrumental analytical method and their connection with the theoretical basis
C) Ability to collect experimental data (alone and / or in groups) and to process the results consistently with the final results, made explicitly by writing a scientific report
D) Ability to understand instrumental aspects and their connection with the theoretical basis of an instrumental analytical method.

3. Ability to judge
A) Ability to evaluate the quality of the responses obtained from the different analytical instrumentation considered.
B) Knowing how to identify anomalous instrumental responses generated by the electronic and electrical components that constitute the considered instrumentation.

4. Communication skills
A) Knowing how to describe, both in written and oral form, the theoretical aspects treated using an appropriate language, scientifically correct and with consistent logic.
B) Knowing how to describe, in both written and oral form, the different parts that make up standard tools in relation to the analytical techniques considered.

5. Learning skills
Develop the ability to take notes identifying autonomously the salient aspects of the analytical techniques and methods based on the different instrumental analytical techniques considered.

To have reached the educational objectives of: mathematics institutions with exercises - 1 and 2, Physics 2, General analytical chemistry, General and inorganic chemistry, possibly (but not necessarily) having passed the examination of these teachings.

To achieve the training objectives and the expected learning outcomes, the contents developed in Modules 1 are:
1. General introduction to instrumental analytical methods. Principles of amplification and measurement of signals. Definition of the performance of an analytical method: detection limit, standardization, calibration, linearity range, sensitivity and selectivity.
2. Introduction to spectrophotometric methods. Electromagnetic radiation. Quantitative aspects of spectroscopic measurements. Instrumentation for optical spectroscopy.
3. Molecular spectroscopy: Introduction to molecular absorption and emission spectrophotometry in the UV-Vis region. Instrumentation components. Applications in qualitative and quantitative analyzes.
4. Atomic spectroscopy in absorption, emission and fluorescence in the visible and ultraviolet region. Instrumentation components. Applications in qualitative and quantitative analyzes.
5. Introduction to electroanalytical chemistry. Electrochemical cells, cell potential. Types of electroanalytical methods.
6. Potentiometry: general principles. Nernst's law. Reference electrodes, metallic and membrane indicators. Instruments for measuring the cell potential. Applications in qualitative and quantitative analyzes.
7. Amperometric techniques: electrogravimetry, coulometry, amperometric titrations and Karl Fisher method, voltammetry
8. Introductions to separative analytical methods. Solvent extraction methods. Constant and partition coefficient. Single-stage and counter-current extraction theory. Chromatographic methods and solvent extraction. Theoretical principles of chromatographic separation and relative classification of the different methods. Qualitative and quantitative analysis.
9. Gas-Chromatography: instrumentation components; effect of temperature on the elution of the analytes; thermal conductivity, flame ionization, electron capture, mass spectrometry detectors; derivatization methods; applications in qualitative and quantitative analyzes.
10. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): instrumentation components; mobile phases and isocratic and gradient elutions; normal (or direct) and reverse phase chromatography; ion exchange chromatography; molecular exclusion chromatography; pumps; photometric and spectrophotometric, refractive index, conductometric, amperometric detectors; qualitative and quantitative analysis.

As support for the study, the various texts of analytical instrumental chemistry at the university level are acceptable. However, one of the following texts is suggested:
- Holler F.J., Skoog D.A., Crouch S.R., Chimica Analitica Strumentale, EdiSES, Napoli, 2009.
- Robinson J.W., Skelly Frame E.M., Frame II G.M., Chimica Analitica Strumentale, un'introduzione, Piccin 2023.
- Skoog D.A., West D.M., Holler F.J., Crough S.R., Fondamenti di Chimica Analitica, EdiSES, Napoli, III ed. (2015), op. II Ed.(2005).
- Skoog D.A. , Leary J.J, Chimica Analitica Strumentale, EdiSES, Napoli, 2000.
- Harris D.C., Chimica Analitica Quantitativa, seconda edizione, Zanichelli, Bologna, 2005.
- Rubinson K.A., Rubinson J.F., Chimica Analitica Strumentale, Zanichelli, Bologna, 2002.
- R. Kellner, J.M. Mermet, M. Otto, H. M. Widmer, Chimica Analitica, Edises

The assessment of learning related to the theoretical part of the teaching of analytical instrumental chemistry is carried out by means of a written and an oral examination.
The written exam will consist of a series of short questions aimed at testing the basic knowledge of each technique and will weigh 1/3 on the final evaluation of the theory grade. Only those who pass the written test (at least 18/30) will have access the oral exam.
The oral examination will consist of a series of open questions related to the theoretical and applicative aspects of the different analytical techniques dealt with in the lessons. The proposed questions are of different levels: comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and critical evaluation. The student will explain various topics in a formally and scientifically correct language, simultaneously demonstrating that he/she has understood the link between the different aspects of instrumental techniques, as well as their differences. Depending on the ability to present the required topics, the oral exam will last between 45 and 60 minutes. The evaluation of the oral exam will weigh 2/3 of the grade of the theory part.
The final mark of the Teaching Analytical Chemistry course is composed for the 60% of the evaluation of theoretical part and for the 40% for laboratory practices.

Teaching will take place through lectures in which the theoretical bases concerning spectroscopic and electrochemical instrumental analytical techniques will be presented and discussed.

Italian

Accommodation and support services for students with disabilities and students with specific learning impairments: Ca’ Foscari abides by Italian Law (Law 17/1999; Law 170/2010) regarding support services and accommodation available to students with disabilities. This includes students with mobility, visual, hearing and other disabilities (Law 17/1999), and specific learning impairments (Law 170/2010). In the case of disability or impairment that requires accommodations (i.e., alternate testing, readers, note takers or interpreters) please contact the Disability and Accessibility Offices in Student Services: disabilita@unive.it

written and oral