ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY AND INDUSTRIAL MOD.1

The teaching falls within the training activities that characterize the Master's degree program in Chemistry and Sustainable Technologies and allows the students to acquire the knowledge of the most important processes of organic industrial chemistry.
The specific objective of the course is to provide knowledge on large industrial processes, in particular on the production of basic compounds for the preparation of many industrial organic products.

1. Knowledge and understanding
i) To know the basic concepts of Organic Chemistry.
ii) To know the basic concepts of catalysis.
ii) To know the basic concepts of industrial chemical processes.
2. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding
i) To knowing how to use the concepts learned to interpret a process scheme.
ii) To knowing how to use the concepts learned to interpret a catalytic cycle.
ii) To knowing how to identify the characteristics that make possible to define an industrial process sustainable.
3. Ability to judge
i) To know how to evaluate the effectiveness of a chemical process in terms of choice of catalysts, solvents, and reaction conditions.
ii) To know how to evaluate the effectiveness of a chemical process in terms of environmental impact and costs.
4. Communication skills
i) To know how to communicate the knowledge learned and the result of their application using appropriate terminology.
ii) To know how to interact with the teacher and with the classmates in a respectful and constructive way.
5. Learning skills
i) Knowing how to take notes, being able to evaluate which are the most important information.

It is important to have achieved the training objectives of the Organic Chemistry I and II courses and to know therefore formulas and nomenclature of organic products and the main reactions of organic chemistry. Students must also have achieved the educational objectives of the Industrial Chemistry course and therefore to know what an industrial chemical process is. It is also necessary that the students have a good basic knowledge of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. It is therefore recommended that the students have passed the Chemistry and Technology of Catalysis and Industrial Chemistry II exams and that has attended the complementary course of Catalytic Methodologies for Fine Chemicals.

In relation to the training objectives and expected learning outcomes, reported in the sections
relative, the contents of the course can be divided as follows:
-Introduction to industrial organic chemistry
The situation of the chemical industry. New sustainable methodologies and use of green chemistry for more compatible industrial processes. The risks associated with industrial chemical processes. Analysis of major accidents and their causes.
C1 Fraction
- Hydrogen cyanide and chloromethanes
Industrial methods of synthesis of hydrogen cyanide. Use of hydrogen cyanide.
- Chloroderivatives
Chloromethanes, chlorofluoromethanes, 1,2-dichloroethane and vinyl chloride: industrial preparation and their applications.
C2 and C3 Fractions
-Acetylene
Acetylene production methods and its application.
-1,4-Butanediol
Uses of acetylene and various methods of production of 1,4-butanediol.
-Acrylonitrile
Production and uses of acrylonitrile. The amoximation reaction.
-1,3-Diolefins
Production of 1,3-diolefins. Butadiene.
-Isoprene
Production of isoprene and chloroprene and their uses.
- Ethylene and propene
Production of ethylene and propene and their industrial uses.
The chemistry of CO:
1) Acetic acid
2) The hydroformylation reaction
- C4 Fraction
Methods of obtaining the C4 fraction and separation of the various components of the fraction. Use of C4 olefins.
- Higher Olefins
Methods of obtaining higher olefins. Linear and branched olefins. Terminal and internal olefins.
-BTX
Obtaining of aromatic hydrocarbons and separation of the various constituents of the BTX fraction.
-Autoxidation reactions
-P-xylene oxidation to terephtalic acid
-Ethylene oxidation and GE synthesis
- Cyclohexane oxidation
- PET synthesis
- Caprolactame synthesis
- Phenol
-Fragrances
Introduction to the fragrance industry. The olfactory spectrum. Synthesis of fragrances with "green" notes. Production of "floral" fragrances and "marine" fragrances.

1) H.-J. Arpe, Industrial Organic Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, 5 ed., Weinheim, 2010.
2) Lecture notes.
Further readings:
- "Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology” available in BAS library.
- “Ullman’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry” available in Ca’ Foscari intranet.

The verification of learning takes place through an oral test. Students must demonstrate to know the topics related to the program of the course by answering some questions in a clear and correct way by using an appropriate language. The oral exam lasts from 30 minutes to 45 minutes depending on the clarity and consistency of the answers to the questions asked and at least three questions are provided.
In particular, the score is defined as follows:
18-22: sufficient knowledge of the topics and just sufficient use of scientific language;
23-26: fair knowledge of the topics and fair scientific communication skills;
27-30: good/excellent knowledge of the topics and excellent use of appropriate scientific language;
30 and L: excellent knowledge of the topics and ability to connect the topics covered.

Teaching is organized in lectures. The topics presented during the lessons are illustrated in detail using power point slides projected on a screen. The teaching material shown in the classroom can be downloaded from the University's "moodle" platform.

Italian

The course deals with processes for the production of organic industrial chemicals and can be defined as sustainable. As a matter of fact, most of these processes occur in the presence of catalysts, for the most part heterogeneous and therefore easily recyclable, thus increasing the sustainability of the process. The use of catalysts is one of the twelve principles of Green Chemistry as catalysts allow to carry out chemical reactions with a lower environmental impact and lower energy costs.

STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF THE COURSE COULD CHANGE AS A RESULT OF THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC.

Accessibility, Disability and Inclusion

Accommodation and support services for students with disabilities and students with specific learning impairments:
Ca’ Foscari abides by Italian Law (Law 17/1999; Law 170/2010) regarding supportservices and accommodation available to students with disabilities. This includes students with mobility, visual, hearing and other disabilities (Law 17/1999), and specific learning impairments (Law 170/2010). In the case of disability or impairment that requires accommodations (i.e., alternate testing, readers, note takers or interpreters) please contact the Disability and Accessibility Offices in Student Services: disabilita@unive.it.

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