CROSS CULTURAL COMMUNICATION, DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION

The course is a compulsory activity in the completion of the degree in ‘Hospitality Innovation and e Tourism’.

Always in expansion, tourism is a global phenomenon characterized by complex economic, social and cultural interactions among people, institutions and countries. The course has the objective to study the interaction between hosts and guests and other actors from and anthropological perspective exploring the typologies of tourism, their cultural and environmental impact on local communities, the socio cultural dynamics of the tourist encounter, the conflicts over resources, and some alternative projects for the development of ethical and sustainable tourism. Furthermore, the course aims to provide basic methodological tools for anthropological research (gathering, systematization and interpretation of qualitative data) in order to appreciate the contribution of the discipline in the documentation and understanding of the tourist encounter.

1. Knowledge and comprehension
- to know the main themes and debates in the Anthropology of tourism
- to know some basic techniques the of ethnographic methods
2. Capacity to apply knowledge and comprehension
- to identify a case study
- to acquire anthropological methods applied to the study of tourism
3. capacity of judgment
- to be able to recognise and valorise voices and perspective of actors involved int eh tourist encounter
- to develp a critical approach to the literature
4. Communication abilities
- To master the techniques of intercultural communication in cross-cultural tourism relations
- to be able to summarise and present ideas orally (class presentations) and in writing (exam essay)
- to develop synthetic writing skills and acquire specialised terminology
5. Capacity for learning
- learning writing skills
- to acquire autonomy in the interpretation of data

No prerequisite is necessary

PROGRAM FOR ATTENDING STUDENTS

1. ALL articles indicated in the list: ‘compulsory readings’, see below

COMPULSORY READINGS ATTENDING STUDENTS

Graburn N. 1989 [1977] The Sacred Journey, in Hosts and Guests. The Anthropology of Tourism, V. Smith ed., Philadelphia, University Pensylvania Press, pp. 21-36.
MacCannell, D. 1999 [1976] Staged Authenticity, in The Tourist. A New Theory of the Leisure Class, Berkeley, University of California Press, pp: 91-105
Smith, V. 1989 [1977] Introduction, in Hosts and Guests. The Anthropology of Tourism, V. Smith ed. Pennsylvania Press, pp. 1-17
Spradley, P. J. 1980 Locating Social Situation, in Participant Observation, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, Fort Worth, pp.38-52
Spradley, P. J 1980 Making descriptive observations, in Participant Observation, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, Fort Worth pp.73-84
Stronza, A. 2001 Anthropology of Tourism: Forging New Ground for Ecotourism and Other Alternatives, Annual Review of Anthropology 30:261-283
Yang, L. 2011 Minorities, tourism and ethnic theme parks: employees’ perspectives from Yunnan, China, Journal of Cultural Geography, 28:2,311-338.

Compulsory readings
Graburn N. 1989 [1977] The Sacred Journey, in Hosts and Guests. The Anthropology of Tourism, V. Smith ed., Philadelphia, University Pensylvania Press, pp. 21-36.
MacCannell, D. 1999 [1976] Staged Authenticity, in The Tourist. A New Theory of the Leisure Class, Berkeley, University of California Press, pp: 91-105
Smith, V. 1989 [1977] Introduction, in Hosts and Guests. The Anthropology of Tourism, V. Smith ed. Pennsylvania Press, pp. 1-17
Spradley, P. J. 1980 Locating Social Situation, in Participant Observation, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, Fort Worth, pp.38-52
Spradley, P. J 1980 Making descriptive observations, in Participant Observation, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, Fort Worth pp.73-84
Stronza, A. 2001 Anthropology of Tourism: Forging New Ground for Ecotourism and Other Alternatives, Annual Review of Anthropology 30:261-283
Yang, L. 2011 Minorities, tourism and ethnic theme parks: employees’ perspectives from Yunnan, China, Journal of Cultural Geography, 28:2,311-338.

FURTHER READINGS

Adler, J. 1989a Origins of sightseeing, Annals of Tourism Research, 16, pp:7-29.
Adler, J 1989b Travel as performed art, American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. 1366-91.
Amit, V. 2000. Constructing the field. Ethnographic fieldwork in the contemporary World. London: Routledge.
Aime, M. 2005 L’incontro mancato. Turisti, nativi, immagini, Bollati Boringhieri
Bruner, E. M. 2005 Culture on tour. Ethnographies of travel, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.
Bruner E. M. 2005 Introduction. Travel stories told and retold, Culture on tour. Ethnographies of Travel, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, pp. 1-29.
Chambers, E. 2000 Native Tours, The Anthropology of travel and tourism, Illinois, Waveland Press, Prospect Heights.
Clifford J. Notes on fieldnotes, Fieldnotes, The makings of Anthropology (a cura di) R. Sanjek, Cornell University, pp. 47-70.
Edensor, T. 2000 Staging tourism: Tourists as performers, Annals of Tourism Research 27, 2: 322-344.
Edensor, T. 2001 Performing tourism, Staging tourism. Reproducing tourist space and practice, Tourist Studies, 1, pp. 59-81.
MacCannell, D. Staged authenticity: Arrangements of social space in tourist settings, The American Journal of Sociology, 79, 3:589-603.
Smith S. 2018 Instagram abroad: performance, consumption and colonial narrative in tourism, Postcolonial Studies, 21,2:172-191
Tamisari F. 2015 Il secondo sguardo. Oltre le aspettative di ospiti e di visitatori nell'incontro turistico. La Ricerca Folklorica vol. 70, pp. 219 234.
Tonnaer, A. F. Tamisari e E. Venbrux 2010, Introduction: performing cross-cultural understanding in Pacific Tourism, in Indigenous Tourism, Performance, and Cross-Cultural Understanding in the Pacific, La Ricerca Folklorica, 61, 3-10.

EXAM PROGRAM ATTENDING STUDENTS

1. Exercise in the field: visit to a local association (note taking; posing questions)
2. Class presentation on the visit
3. Written essay of 2000wds (to be handed in to the lecturer in printed hard copy at the end of the course or on another date to be indicated)

EXAM PROGRAM NON ATTENDING STUDENTS
1. An essay of 3000wds to be handed in at the end of the course or 15 days before the exam date
(The topic to be discussed must be approved by the lecturer. Students are asked to prepare the exam program before proposing an essay topic).

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

1. Comprehension of notions and debates
2. Clarity of oral and written exposition
3. Bibliographic references to pertinent examples
4. Ability for synthesis

The course consists in frontal lectures with the use of powerpoint, video, diagrams and photographs. It also includes students’ class presentations followed by collective discussions. Students are welcome to ask questions during the lectures.

English

During the course the following documentary films will be projected:

Cannibal Tours by Dennis O’Rourke, 1988
http://www.cameraworklimited.com/films/cannibal-tours.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUQ_8wl93HM&ab_channel=VisualAnthropology

Global Villages by Tamar Gordon, 2005
https://vimeo.com/308809004?login=true

written