GENERAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY - MOD.2

The course is the basic training activity for the chemistry area in the Degree in Chemistry and Sustainable Technologies, and allows the student to acquire the first knowledge of the main concepts in chemistry, leading the way to the following courses where most part of the topics will be faced again and strenghtened.
The approach to the most relevant physico-chemical phenomena starts from a storical and/or descriptive point to obtain or present the mathematical expression of the Laws of Chemistry. Complementary is the teaching of stoichiometry (which is present only in this course) as the pratical and numerical calculation of the variabiles in real chemical systems or as the result of different analytical techniques.
The formative objectives of this part of the course are: 1) to develop the concept of chemical equilibrium and prove its importance for understanding chemical reactions; 2) introducing the energetics of chemical transformations (chemical thermodinamics) and its predictive abilities;3) to supply tools for describing acid-base equilibria, solubility and precipitation equilibria and electrochemical systems; 4) to help students to solve problems of stoichiometry that have to be regarded as applications of the theoretical part of the course.
In the choice or the subjects selected the indications of the Committee of the Italian Chemical Society for basic contents in Chemical Degree (Bologna, July 2007 meeting) has been followed.

1. Knowledge and comprehension:
A) To Know the quantitative laws that rule physical and chemical equilibria, and energy exchange in electrochemical systems.
B) To know the main features of acid-base equilibria, solubility and precipitation equilibria and electrochemical systems.

2. Ability to apply knowledge and comprehension:
A) To use the concept of chemical equilibrium to predict the results of exchange and redox reactions;
B) To be able to solve stoichiometric problems regarding the chemical equilibrium

3. Ability of judgment:
A) To be able to assess consistence of the results obtained with the application of chemistry laws both in theoretical field and analysis of experimental results.
B) To be able to recognize possible errors by a critical analysis of the applied procedure

4. Ability of exposition:
A) To be able to communicate acquired knowledge and the results of its application utilizing an appropriate terminology both orally and in written form.
B) To be able to interact with the docent and other students during the lesson.

5. Ability of learning:
A) To be able to take notes, selecting information in order of importance and priority
B) To be sufficiently autonomous in the resolution of stoichiometric problems.

Some basic mathematical skills: decimal logarithm rules and use properties; first and second degree equations, systems of equations.
Some basic physics knowledge: kinetic and potential energy, work and power, electric charge, Coulomb's law, electric dipole, current.

- Chemical Kinetics: definitions, kinetic laws, first and second order kinetic laws. Collision theory and Arrhenius law. Catalysts.
- Chemical Equilibrium
An experimental approach to the problem of chemical equilibrium. Law of mass action and the equilibrium constants. Correlation between Kc and Kp. Le Chatelier priciple.
The kinetic approach to chemical equilibrium. The thermodynamic approach to chemical equilibrium. Spontaneous processes and chemical equilibrium. Free energy of Gibbs of reaction and its correlation with equilibrium constant. Resolutions of different typology of problems involving chemical equilibrium.
- Acid-base equilibria
Arrhenius acids and bases. Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases. Lewis acids and bases. Properties of acids and bases in aqueous solution. Autoionization of water and pH function. Acid and bases strength and week. Acid and base dissociation constant. Equilibria involving weak acids and weak bases. Hydrolysis. Calculation of buffer action. Acid-base indicators. Resolutions of different typology of problems involving acid-base equilibrium.
- Solubility and precipitation equilibria.
Strong and weak electrolytes. General features of solubility equilibria. Solubility and solubility product. The common-ion effect. The effect of pH on solubility. Complex ion and solubility. Resolutions of different typology of problems involving solubility and precipitation equilibria.
- Electrochemistry
Galvanic Cells. Preparation, mode of operation and schematic representation of galvanic cell. Nernst equation. Standard reduction potentials. Cell potentials and Gibbs free energy. Resolutions of different typology of problems involving galvanic cells. Electrolytic cells.
Numerical exercises on listed matters.

In addition to the lectures notes and to Laboratory issues, the following textbooks are recommended:
Petrucci,Harwood and Herring "Chimica Generale" Piccin Editore PadovaKotz and Treichel "Chimica" Edizioni EdiSES Napoli;
Kotz and Treichel "Chimica" Edizioni EdiSES Napoli;
Silberberg "Chimica: La natura molecolare della materia e delle sue trasformazioni" Mc Graw Hill Editore
Bandoli, Nicolini e Uguagliati, "Stechiometria con Complementi di Chimica" Edizioni Progetto Padova

A. Peloso, Problemi di Chimica Generale, 6 edizione. Libreria Cortina Padova, ISBN: 88-7784-262-8
P.M. Lausarot, G.A. Vaglio, Stechiometria per la Chimica Generale, Piccin Padova, ISBN: 88-299-1727-3
Bandoli, Nicolini e Uguagliati, "Stechiometria con Complementi di Chimica" Edizioni Progetto Padova

For this module of the course the method for evaluating the learning ability includes an oral and a written exam. The final grade of these two proves will make average with the grade obtained by the student in the other module. The written exam consists in a series of numerical and not numerical exercises that have to be solved justifying the methods utilized for the solution. In this exam the student has to applied the concepts learned during the lessons with critical judgment. The time span for the written examination is two hours. During this prove the student can utilize only a scientific calculator and the periodic table. The written exam can be substituted by two intermediate written examinations at the half and at the end of the course.
The oral examination consists in a series of questions regarding the part of the program reported in the section “ Contents”. The student will be able to show both the learning of the program subjects and the ability to expose them in formal manner.

Frontal lesson with support of slides and exercitations with solution of numerical problems.
The slides will be provide to students in electronic format

Italian

Accessibility, Disability and Inclusion
Accommodation and support services for students with disabilities and students with specific learning impairments:
Ca’ Foscari abides by Italian Law (Law 17/1999; Law 170/2010) regarding support
services and accommodation available to students with disabilities. This includes students with mobility, visual, hearing and other disabilities (Law 17/1999), and specific learning impairments (Law 170/2010). In the case of disability or impairment that requires accommodations (i.e., alternate testing, readers, note takers or interpreters) please contact the Disability and Accessibility Offices in Student Services: disabilita@unive.it.
STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF THE COURSE COULD CHANGE AS A RESULT OF THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC.

written and oral

This subject deals with topics related to the macro-area "Climate change and energy" and contributes to the achievement of one or more goals of U. N. Agenda for Sustainable Development