APPLIED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY TO CULTURAL HERITAGE - MOD. 1

This course (module 1) is part of the characterizing educational activities of the bachelor's degree program in Science and Technologies for Cultural Heritage that enables the student to acquire some basic concepts of physical chemistry.
In particular, with this course it is intended to provide the basic theoretical elements of Chemical Thermodynamics (also Statistical), including some essential fundamentals at the atomic-molecular level, preparing students to apply these notions to simple problems concerning concerning the laws of gases, calculation of reaction free energies, entropy, and reaction equilibria.
The study of thermodynamics is necessary, not only in order to understand some fundamental laws governing many general processes, not only chemical ones, but also because it enables students to learn to develop logical scientific reasoning.
The educational objectives aim to provide the basis for understanding the spontaneity of processes, the equilibrium between different phases, and the equilibrium of a reaction.

1. Knowledge and understanding
Know
(a) the properties and state functions that characterize a system
(b) The relationships between state functions.
(c) the chemical equilibrium

2. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding
(a) Know how to use functions such as internal energy, enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy to define a system.
(b) Know how to derive measurable quantities of various systems.
(c) Know how to explain chemical equilibrium through thermodynamics.
(d) Know how to solve problems concerning thermodynamic transformations of simple systems and reactions
3. Judgment skills
(a) Know how to critically evaluate information obtained about the systems under investigation.

4. Communication skills
a) Know how to appropriately use terminology and symbology developed during the course.
b) Know how to interact with the instructor and fellow students in an active manner so that communication occurs in a constructive and formally correct manner.

5. Learning skills
a) Know how to take notes in a rigorous manner, highlighting the concepts learned according to their importance.

It is appropriate for the student to master knowledge related to chemistry, integral and differential calculus, kinematics and dynamics.

In relation to the training objectives and expected learning outcomes given in the relevant sections, the course contents can be summarized:

Part 1 Classical Thermodynamics
The properties of gases. The first principle: work, heat, energy, enthalpy. Thermochemistry. Second and third principles: entropy and absolute temperature, thermodynamic equilibrium. Pure substances: chemical potential, fugacity, transitions and phase equilibria. Mixtures: partial molar quantities, ideal and real solutions, activity. Reactive mixtures: chemical equilibrium and equilibrium constants.

Lecture notes and slides
Peter W. Atkins, Chimica Fisica, Ultima edizione It. Zanichelli.
Robert J. Silbey, Robert A. Alberty, Moungi G. Bawendi, Physical Chemistry, 4th Edition , John Wiley & Sons (2021) (solo in inglese)
Raymond Chang, Chimica fisica vol. 1, Zanichelli (2003)

Assessment is through a written test that includes 4 numerical problems (similar to those done in class) and 3 theory questions designed to test the acquisition of the main concepts of the course.
The evaluation (grade) will be proportional to the number of correctly answered points.
Each problem, depending on complexity, may be divided into more points. Each question on the theory part corresponds to two points, i.e., 1) identification of the correct answer among several proposed ones (multiple choice); 2) concise justification of the given answer.

The duration of this test is two hours where the use of notes, books and electronic media is not allowed.

Teaching is organized in frontal lecture.
Language: Italian

written