ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY - MOD.1

The teaching course is a fundamental activity of the CdS in Sustaiìnable Chemistry & Technologies. The teaching course provide the student the basics of chemical equilibrium theory and the principles of the main techniques in the field of analytical chemistry. Moreover, the knowledge and the comprehension of the theoretical aspects of the instrumental methods for the determination of chemical compounds in complex matrices are provided. The teaching course provides the capacity to critically evaluate and face analytical chemistry issues throughout the discussion of case of study.

Knowledge and Comprehension
Knowledge of the analytical chemistry methods used for data treatment
Knowledge of the chemical equilibria
Knowledge of the principles of the main analytical techniques for the determination of analytes in complrex matrices

Ability to apply knowledge and comprehension
Evaluate the validity of analytical measurements
Individuate the suitable analytical methods for facing a specific analytical problem
Express properly and critically the results obtained from chemical analyses, also presenting correctly the experimental data

Knowledge of the basics in general and inorganic chemistry. Knowledge of algebra and function analysis

Instruments of Analytical Chemistry. Introduction to the course
Chemical equilibria in aqueous solutions. Acids and bases. Amphiprotic species. Autoprotolysis. Strength of acids and bases.
Chemical equilibrium. The state of equilibrium. Expression of equilibrium constants. Types of equilibrium constants. Solubility product applications.
Dissociation constants of acids and bases. Examples.
Buffer solutions. Calculation of the pH of the buffer solutions. Properties of buffer solutions.
Effect of the presence of electrolytes on chemical equilibria. Effect of ionic charge on equilibria. Effect of ionic strength. Salt effect.
Activity coefficients. Properties of the activity coefficients. Debye and Huckel equation. Activity coefficients for the calculation of balances.
Solving balance problems for complex systems. Mass balance equations. Charge balance equation.
Solubility calculation. Solubility of metal hydroxides. Effect of pH on solubility. Effect of the indissociated solutes on precipitation calculations.
Separation of ions obtained by controlling the concentration of the precipitating agent. Sulfide separation.
Gravimetric methods of analysis. Gravimetric precipitation. Properties of precipitates and precipitation agents. Particle size and filterability of precipitates. Co-precipitation. Calculation of results from gravimetric data. Application of gravimetric methods.
Methods based on precipitation titration. Equivalence points and end points. Standard solutions. Volumetric calculations. Gravimetric titration.
Precipitation titrations. Titration curves. Titration curves for anion mixtures. Indicators for argentometric titrations.
Neutralization counts. Acid / base titrations. Standard solutions. Acid / base indicators.
Titration of acids and strong bases.
Titration of weak acids and bases.
Composition of solutions during acid / base titrations
Titration curves for complex acid / base systems. Strong acid and weak acid or strong base and weak base mixtures.
Buffer solutions involving polyprotic acids. Titration curves for polyfunctional acids.
Titration curves for amphiphotic species. Composition of solutions of a polyprotic acid as a function of pH.
Application of neutralization titrations.
Conductometry. Conductimetric titrations.
Complexation and titration reactions. Complex formation. Complexation equilibria. Titrations with inorganic complexing agents. Organic complexing agents. The case of EDTA. Indicators. Introduction to laboratory experiences.
Data processing. Use of electronic spreadsheets in analytical chemistry.
Quantification methods. Calibration and standardization. External calibration. Linear regression.
Analytical performance. Detection limit and quantification, instrumental and procedural.
Errors in chemical analyses. Condition for normality. The concept of precision and accuracy.
Rejection of outliers. Dixon test. Grubbs test. Examples
The t-distribution of student. Comparison between two means. Test t. Fisher Test F. Examples.

D.A. Skoog, D.M. West, F.J. Holler e S.R. Crouch Fondameni di Chimica Analitica, Edises.

The student's learning is verified throughout a written test and an oral exam. the written test consists in the solution of 5 exercises at different level of complexity in less than 3 hours. The written test allows to attend the oral exam if the evaluation is higher or equal to 18/30. During the oral exam the student is asked to answer to three questions. The first is focused on the solution of an exercise of analytical chemisty. The second is focused on assessing the ability of the student to explain the main theoretical aspects of several analytical methodologies. The thirds question asks the student to face and critically evaluate an eventual and realistic analytical problem

The teaching activity is carried out throughout lecures. Every topic is followed by practical examples, exercises and case of study. The professor assigned various homeworks to the students. During the first part of the teaching course, the use of informatic tools such as excel of R is explained.

Italian

STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF THE COURSE COULD CHANGE AS A RESULT OF THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC.

Accommodation and support services for students with disabilities and
students with specific learning impairments:
Ca’ Foscari abides by Italian Law (Law 17/1999; Law 170/2010)
regarding support services and accommodation available to students
with disabilities. This includes students with mobility, visual,
hearing and other disabilities (Law 17/1999), and specific learning
impairments (Law 170/2010). In the case of disability or impairment
that requires accommodations (i.e., alternate testing, readers, note
takers or interpreters) please contact the Disability and
Accessibility Offices in Student Services: disabilita@unive.it.

written and oral