PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II

The course is part of the core educational activities of Bachelor's Degree in Sustainable Chemistry and Technologies and it allows to acquire the basic knowledge and understanding of chemical kinetics and the main concepts of quantum mechanics. Chemical kinetics concerns the speed of reactions and this branch of chemistry is of fundamental importance from both practical and theoretical point of views. Also, the knowledge of quantum mechanics are important for the formation of chemistry graduates since this theory is at the basis of chemistry and spectroscopy.

The expected learning outcomes are the knowledge and understanding of the concepts presented during the lessons and the ability to use them to solve theoretical and practical problems. Furthermore, students must be able to communicate the knowledge learned and the results of their applications using appropriate terminology.

The prerequisites of the course are the training objectives of the courses of Institutions of Mathematics and Exercises 1 and 2 and General Physics 1 and 2. In particular, students should know the basics of differential and integral calculus.

The course contents are divided into two parts: (1) chemical kinetics, (2) quantum mechanics; at the beginning of the first lesson a short presentation of the course will be made.

- FIRST PART: CHEMICAL KINETICS
Rate of reaction. Rate laws and order of reaction. The main experimental techniques to monitor the progress of a chemical reaction. The isolation method. Method of initial rates. Exercises. Integrated rate laws and integration method. Half-live of a reactant. The dependence of rate of reaction on temperature: Arrhenius equation. Reaction mechanisms. Elementary reactions and molecularity. Consecutive, concurrent and parallel elementary reactions. Pre-equilibrium. Determination of rate laws by the relaxation methods. Gas-phase unimolecular reactions. Chain reactions. Explosions. Photochemical reactions. Catalysis. Homogeneous catalysis. Enzymatic catalysis: the Michaelis-Menten law. Heterogeneous catalysis. Physisorption and chemisorption. Adsorption isotherms. Mechanisms of surface-catalysed reactions. Collision theory and activated complex theory of reaction rates.

- SECOND PART: QUANTUM MECHANICS
The origins of quantum mechanics: the black-body radiation. Wave-particle duality: the photoelectric effect, the de Broglie relation, the diffraction of electrons. The Schrödinger equation. Interpretation of the wavefunction. Postulates of the quantum mechanics. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. Translation motion of a free particle and a particle in a box. The tunneling effect. The harmonic oscillator. Two- and three-dimensional rotational motion. Space quantization and the vector model of angular momentum. The spin angular momentum. The hydrogenic atoms and the emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen. s, p and d orbitals. The structure of many-electron atoms. Atomic units. The orbital approximation. The Pauli principle. Subshell energies. The Aufbau principle and Hund's rule. The ionization energies of the many-electron atoms. The Hartree-Fock (HF) method. The Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Valence-Bond (VB) theory (outlines). Molecular Orbital (MO) theory. Variation principle. Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO) approximation. Sigma and pi bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals. Bond order. Homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules. Molecular orbitals in polyatomic molecules.

• P. Atkins, J. De Paula. Atkins’ Physical Chemistry, 9th Edition, Oxford University Press, 2009.
• A. Gambi. Esercizi di Chimica Fisica, Zanichelli, Bologna, 2013.

For the chemical kinetics part, the learning verification method consists both of a written and an oral test, while for the quantum mechanics part the test is only oral.

The written test of chemical kinetics consists of a series of exercises and / or problems to be solved. This test aims to verify the acquisition of the concepts presented during the lessons and their application. The duration of the written examination is one hour and only the use of a scientific calculator and the consultation of a form provided by the teacher is allowed.

The oral test of both chemical kinetics and quantum mechanics consists of a series of questions concerning the contents of the course. Students must demonstrate the learning of the topics covered during the lessons and the ability to expose them in a formal manner. The oral examination for each of the two parts lasts about 30 minutes.

The final grade will consider the results obtained from the written test of chemical kinetics, and the oral ones of chemical kinetics and quantum mechanics.

Teaching is organized in lectures, including problem-solving exercises.

In the "Moodle" platform of the University there are all the slides projected during the lessons.

Italian

Accessibility, Disability and Inclusion

Accommodation and support services for students with disabilities and students with specific learning impairments:
Ca’ Foscari abides by Italian Law (Law 17/1999; Law 170/2010) regarding supportservices and accommodation available to students with disabilities. This includes students with mobility, visual, hearing and other disabilities (Law 17/1999), and specific learning impairments (Law 170/2010). In the case of disability or impairment that requires accommodations (i.e., alternate testing, readers, note takers or interpreters) please contact the Disability and Accessibility Offices in Student Services: disabilita@unive.it.

written and oral