Massimiliano PERDUCA

Massimiliano Perduca

Biocrystallography and Nanostructure Laboratory

Department of Biotechnology – University of Verona –Strada le Grazie, 15

37134 Verona, Italy

Telephone: +39 045 802.7984

Fax: +39 045 802.7929

e-mail: massimiliano.perduca@univr.it

Massimiliano Perduca was born in Tortona –Italy- on 09/11/1968.

He graduated at the University of Pavia on 07/08/1997 in Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technology.

The title of his “Laurea” (Master degree) thesis was:

“Purification and crystallisation of Pig odorant-Binding Protein”.

The experimental work for his thesis was performed under the guidance of Prof. Hugo L. Monaco in the department of Genetics, section of Molecular Biology and Biophysics.

He was awarded the Philosophiae Doctor degree from the University of Verona with the thesis “Structural Studies on Hydrophobic Molecule-Binding Proteins” (supervisor Prof. Hugo L. Monaco).

Since January 2004 he is Researcher in Molecular Biology (BIO/11) at the Biotechnology Department at the University of Verona.

Visiting Professor, University of Granada, Department of Microbiology, from June 16 to July 19, 2019 in collaboration with Prof. Concepcion Jimenez-Lopez

Bibliometric indicators (18/07/2019)

Total number of refereed publications: 42

Total citations: 631 (Scopus)

Averaged Impact Factor: 3.43

H-Index: 16 (Scopus)

Research interests
During the years after the PhD, Massimiliano Perduca further studied the structural and functional analysis of proteins from different organisms involved in illness or that can be used as drugs for treating tumoral diseases, resulting to the publication of several papers. Currently he is also involved in projects based on synthesis and phisico-chemical characterization of nanostructures for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and hydrogen production use.

Membership
He is member of the European Crystallography Association, of the Italian Crystallographic Association, of the Synchrotron Light Italian Society, of the Italian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and of the Italian Chemical Society.
 

PERSONAL SKILLS AND COMPETENCES

MOTHER TONGUE: ITALIAN

OTHER LANGUAGES

ENGLISH      Reading skills: very good  Writing skills very good      Verbal skill: very good

ORGANISATIONAL SKILLS AND COMPETENCES

Organization of meetings and other academic activities.

Member of the PhD teaching staff in Nanoscience and Advanced Technologies, as part of the Graduate School in Natural and Engineering Sciences of the University of Verona since 2016

Department representative for the University of Verona in the Master Degree in Science and Technology of Bio and Nanomaterials since 2013

Teacher of Molecular Biology in the undergraduate Degree in Biotechnology since 2007 and teacher of Complements in Molecular Biology in the Master Degree in Science and Technology of Bio and Nanomaterials since 2011

Member of the Administration Council of the University of Verona from 2004 to 2009

Teacher of the Ph.D. program in molecular, industrial and environmental Biotechnology since 2004

Secretary of the Ph.D. program in Molecular, Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology from 2004 to 2009

Member of the Doctorate School in Life and Health Sciences since 2006

Co-organizer of the FIRB Meeting 2009 “New Methods and Technologies for Pharmacology”. Verona, April 3-24, 2009

Co-organizer of the 41th Congress of the Italian Crystallographic Association (AIC) September 2012.

Co-organizer of the Meeting “Un giorno per Hugo”. Verona, September 25, 2017

Member of the scientific committee and chairman of the session “Structural Biology at High and Low Angles “ of the "2nd Joint AIC-SILS conference ", on behalf of the Italian Crystallographic Association (AIC). Florence, September 15-18, 2014.

Teaching activities.

ü  Environment Impact of Nanotechnology (SSD BIO/11) since 2020 - Master Degree in Biotechnologies for bio-resources and eco-sustainable development (University of Verona).

ü  Short Molecular Biology course (SSD BIO/11) since 2013 to 2020 - Master Degree in Science and technologies of Bio and Nanomaterials (University of Verona and Ca’ Foscari University – Venice).

ü  Molecular Biology course (SSD BIO/11) since 2013 - Master Degree in Medical Bioinformatics (University of Verona).

ü  Biology of the Informational Molecules course (SSD BIO/18) since 2010 - Master Degree in Science and technologies of Bio and Nanomaterials (Ca’ Foscari University – Venice).

ü  Practical for the Structural Biology course (SSD BIO/11) since 2010 - Master Degree in Bioinformatics e Medical Biotechnology (University of Verona).

ü  Molecular Biology course (SSD BIO/11) since 2009 to 2019 - Undergraduate Degree in Agro-industrial Biotechnology (University of Verona).

ü   General Molecular Biology course and Molecular Biology of Microorganisms (SSD BIO/11) since 2008 - Undergraduate Degree in Agro-industrial Biotechnology (University of Verona).

ü  Practical for the Physical Chemistry II course (SSD CHIM/02) since 2005 - Master Degree in Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology (University of Verona).

ü  Analytical Chemistry (SSD CHIM/01) as part of the Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry course (SSD BIO/10) since 2005 - Undergraduate Degree in Agro-industrial Biotechnology (University of Verona).

ü  Practical for the Biocrystallography course (SSD BIO/11) since 2004 - Master Degree in Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology (University of Verona).

ü  Biochemical Methodologies (SSD BIO/10) since 2004 - Undergraduate Degree in Agro-industrial Biotechnology (University of Verona).

ü  Practical for the Physical Chemistry course (SSD CHIM/02) since 1999 - Undergraduate Degree in Agro-industrial Biotechnology (University of Verona).

Student supervisory activities.

ü  Acting as supervisor or co-supervisor in several (more than 85) among Undergraduate Degree thesis, Master Degree thesis and PhD thesis (University of Verona and Ca’ Foscari University – Venice).

NATIONAL and INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION

ü  Argentina: Universidad de Córdoba (Maria Elena Carrizo e Guillermo G. montich).

ü  England: London Imperial College (Naomi Chayen)

ü  Spain: University of Granada (Concepcion Jimenez-Lopez, Ylenia Jabalera, Mercedes Maqueda)

ü  Austria: Medical University of Vienna (Davide Ret, Eva Untersmayr-Elsenhuber), Vienna University of technology (Simone Knaus), Innsbruck Medical University (Bernhard Redl)

ü  Algeria: Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Mentouri Constantine1 (Youcef Necib, Mohamrd Es-Seddik Toumi)

ü  Thailand: Faculty of Medical technology, Western University, Thailand (Dr. Piyachat Evelyn Roopngam, Prof. Tirawat Wannatung)

ü  Tunisia: Laboratoire de Microorganismes et de Biomolécules (LMB) - Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (Aïda Hmida-Sayari, Karima Salem, Adel Sayari)

ü  Italy: Università di Pavia (Monica Galliano), Università di Verona (Marina Bentivoglio, Maria Teresa Valenti, Alessandro Romeo, Stefano Dusi, Laura Calderan, Manuela Malatesta, Andrea Sbarbati, Lucia De Franceschi, Cristiano Chiamulera, Matteo Ballottari, Flavia Guzzo, Fabio Piccinelli)

ASSIGNED FUNDINGS

Cooperint 2019 (Action 5)

In partnership with Dr. Piyachat Evelyn Roopngam and Prof. Tirawat Wannatung from the Western University, Thailand.

Cooperint 2018 (Action 3)

In partnership with Prof. Aïda Hmida-Sayari and Karima Salem from the Laboratoire de Microorganismes et de Biomolécules (LMB) - Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Tunisia.

Cooperint 2018 (Action 4)

In partnership with Prof. Concepcion Jimenez-Lopez from the University of Granada, Spain.

Joint Project 2015

In partnership with AlghItaly srl on the project BioNanoScreen (Biocompatible and biodegradable PLGA Astaxanthine containing nanoparticles for the pharmaceutic and cosmetic market).

PRIZES and AWARDS

1) Fifth price in Veneto Startcup Competition with Nanoverse Startup.
 

MOLECULES DISCOVERED

1) Bovi M, Cenci L, Perduca M, Capaldi S, Carrizo ME, Civiero L, Chiarelli LR, Galliano M, Monaco HL. BEL β-trefoil: a novel lectin with antineoplastic properties in king bolete (Boletus edulis) mushrooms.Glycobiology. 2013 May; 23(5):578-592.

2) Bovi M, Carrizo ME, Capaldi S, Perduca M, Chiarelli LR, Galliano M, Monaco HL. Structure of a lectin with antitumoral properties in king bolete (Boletus edulis) mushrooms. Glycobiology. 2011 Aug; 21(8):1000-1009.

3) Galliano M, Minchiotti L, Campagnoli M, Sala A, Visai L, Amoresano A, Pucci P, Casbarra A, Cauci M, Perduca M, Monaco HL. Structural and biochemical characterization of a new type of lectin isolated from carp eggs. Biochem J. 2003 Dec 1; 376(Pt 2):433-440.

REVIEWER ACTIVITY

Reviewer for the following journals:

ü  Pharmaceutics
ü  Scientific Reports

ü  Algorithms for Molecular Biology

ü  International Journal of Data Mining and Bioinformatics (IJDMB)

ü  Italian Journal of Food Science (IJFS)

ü  Journal of Nanoparticle Research (NANO)

ü  Water Science and Technology

Reviewer for the following agencies:

ü  Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca MIUR)

ü  French National Research Agency (ANR)

ANNEX

For almost complete and updated informations on teaching and research activity see http://www.dbt.univr.it/?ent=persona&id=41&lang=it

http://www.dbt.univr.it/?ent=persona&id=41&lang=en

Publications
1.    A. Cherubin, L. Destefanis, M. Bovi, F. Perozeni, I. Bargigia, G. de la Cruz Valbuena, C. D’Andrea, A. Romeo, M. Ballottari and M. Perduca
“Encapsulation of Photosystem I in Organic Microparticles Increases Its Photochemical Activity and Stability for Ex Vivo Photocatalysis” ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 2019, 7, 10435−10444. DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b00738.

2.    S.C. Gaglio, C. De Rosa, F. Piccinelli, A. Romeo and M. Perduca
“Complexes of rare earth ions embedded in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)nanoparticles: Characterization and spectroscopic study” Optical Materials, 2019, 94, 249-256. DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2019.05.034.

3.    M. Perduca, S. Nicolis, B. Mannucci, M. Galliano and H.L. Monaco
“High resolution crystal structure data of human plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP4) bound to retinol and fatty acids” Data in Brief, 2018, 18, 1073-1081. DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.03.112.

4.    S. Hirano, M. Bovi, A. Romeo, F. Guzzo, C. Chiamulera, M. Perduca
“Ketamine nano-delivery based on poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles”
Applied Nanoscience, 2018, 8, 655-663. DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0765-1.

5.    M. Perduca, S. Nicolis, B. Mannucci, M. Galliano and H.L. Monaco
“Human plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP4) is also a fatty acid-binding protein”
BBA - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 2018, 1863, 458-466. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.01.010.

6.    M.T. Valenti, M. Mottes, A. Biotti, M. Perduca, A. Pisani, M. Bovi, M. Deiana, S. Cheri and L. Dalle Carbonare

“Clodronate as a therapeutic strategy against osteoarthritis” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2017, 18, 1-11. DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122696.
7.    M. Perduca, L. Dalle Carbonare, M. Bovi, G. Innamorati, S. Cheri, C. Cavallini, M.T. Scuopoli, A. Mori and M.T. Valenti

“Runx2 downregulation, migration and proliferation inhibition in melanoma cells treated with BEL β-trefoil” Oncology Reports, 2017, 37, 2209-2214. DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5493
8.    C. Portioli, M. Bovi, D. Benati, M. Donini, M. Perduca, A. Romeo, S. Dusi, H.L. Monaco and M. Bentivoglio
“Novel functionalization of polymeric nanoparticles for brain targetin” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2017, 105, 847-858. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35961

9.    S. Capaldi, B. Faggion, M.E. Carrizo, L. Destefanis, M.C. Gonzales, M. Perduca, M. Bovi, M. Galliano and H.L. Monaco
“Three dimensional structure and ligand-binding site of carp Fishelectin (FEL)” Acta Cryst. D, 2015, 71, 1123-1135. DOI: 10.1107/S1399004715004174.

10. L. Marongiu, M. Donini, M. Bovi, M. Perduca, F. Vivian, A. Romeo, S. Mariotto, H.L. Monaco, and S. Dusi
“The inclusion into PLGA nanoparticles enables α-bisabolol to efficiently inhibit the human Dendritic Cell pro-inflammatory activity” Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2014, 16, 2554. DOI: 10.1007/s11051-014-2554-4.

11. M. Perduca, M. Bovi, M. Bertinelli, E. Bertini, L. Destefanis, M.E. Carrizo, S. Capaldi and H.L. Monaco
“High resolution structures of mutants of residues that affect access to the ligand-binding cavity of human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase” Acta Cryst. D, 2014, 70, 2125-2138. DOI: 10.1107/S1399004714012462.

12. M. Bovi, L. Cenci, M. Perduca, S. Capaldi, M.E. Carrizo, L. Civiero, L.R. Chiarelli, M. Galliano and H.L. Monaco
“BEL beta-trefoil. A novel lectin with antineoplastic properties in king bolete (Boletus edulis) mushrooms.” Glycobiology 2013, 23, 578-592. DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws164.

13. E. Ambrosi, S. Capaldi, M. Bovi, G. Saccomani, M. Perduca and H.L. Monaco
“Structural changes in the BH3 domain of SOUL protein upon interaction with the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL.” Biochem J. 2011, 438, 291-301. DOI: 10.1042/BJ20110257.

14. Bovi, M.E. Carrizo, S. Capaldi, M. Perduca, L.R. Chiarelli, M. Galliano and H.L. Monaco
“Structure of a lectin with antitumoral properties in king bolete (Boletus edulis) mushrooms” Glycobiology 2011, 21, 1000-1009. DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr012.

15. M.B. Decca, V.V. Galassi, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco and G.G.. Montich
“Influence of the lipid phase state and electrostatic surface potential on the conformations of a peripherally bound membrane protein” Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2010, 114, 15141-14150. DOI: 10.1021/jp104035z.

16. V. Galassi, V. Nolan, M.A. Villarreal, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco and G.G. Montich..
“Kinetics of lipid-membrane binding and conformational change of L-BABP” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2009, 382, 771-775. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.03.103.

17. S. Capaldi, G. Saccomani, D. Fessas, M. Signorelli, M. Perduca and H.L. Monaco.
“The X-ray structure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) ileal bile acid-binding protein reveals the presence of binding sites on the surface of the protein molecule” J. Mol. Biol. 2009, 385, 99-116. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.10.007.

18. M.A. Villarreal, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco and G.G. Montich
“Binding and Interactions of L-BABP to Lipid Membranes Studied by Molecular Dynamic Simulations” Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2008, 1778, 1390-1397. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.02.015.

19. M. Tarter, S. Capaldi, M.E. Carrizo, E. Ambrosi, M. Perduca and H.L. Monaco.
“Crystal structure of human cellular retinol-binding protein II to 1.2 Å resolution” Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics 2008, 70, 1626-1630. DOI: 10.1002/prot.21848.

20. S. Capaldi, M. Guariento, G. Saccomani, D. Fessas, M. Perduca and H.L. Monaco.
“A single amino acid mutation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver bile acid-binding protein can change the stoichiometry of ligand binding” J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282, 31008-31018. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M705399200.

21. S. Capaldi, M. Perduca, B. Faggion, M.E. Carrizo, A. Tava, L. Ragona and H.L. Monaco.
”Crystal structure of the anticarcinogenic Bowman-Birk inhibitor from snail medic (Medicago scutellata) seeds complexed with bovine trypsin” Journal of Structural Biology 2007, 158, 71-79. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2006.10.017.

22. M.B. Decca, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco and G.G. Montich
“Conformational changes of chicken liver bile acid-binding protein bound to anionic lipid membrane are coupled to the lipid phase transitions” Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2007, 1768, 1583-1591. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.03.018.

23. S. Capaldi, M. Guariento, M. Perduca, S.M. Di Pietro, J.A. Santome and H.L. Monaco.
”Crystal structure of axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) liver bile acid-binding protein bound to cholic and oleic acid” Proteins 2006, 64, 79-88. DOI: 10.1002/prot.20961.

24. A. Sala, S. Capaldi, M. Campagnoli, B. Faggion, S. Labò, M. Perduca, A. Romano, M.E. Carrizo, M. Valli, L. Visai, L. Minchiotti, M. Galliano and H.L. Monaco
”Structure and properties of the C-terminal domain of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 isolated from human amniotic fluid” J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 29812-29819. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M504304200.

25. V. Nolan, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco and G.G. Montich
”Chicken Liver Bile Acid-binding protein is in a compact partly folded state at acidic pH. Its relevance to the interaction with lipid membranes” Biochemistry 2005, 44, 8486-8493. DOI: 10.1021/bi050129r.

26. M.E. Carrizo, S. Capaldi, M. Perduca, F.J. Irazoqui, G.A. Nores and H.L. Monaco
”The antineoplastic lectin of the common edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) has two binding sites, each specific for a different configuration at a single epimeric hydroxyl”
J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 10614-10623. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M411989200.

27. D. Nichesola, M. Perduca, S. Capaldi, M.E. Carrizo, P.G. Righetti and H.L. Monaco
“Crystal Structure of Chicken Liver Basic Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Complexed with Cholic Acid” Biochemistry 2004, 43, 14072-14079. DOI: 10.1021/bi0489661.

28. M.E. Carrizo, F.J. Irazoqui, R.D. Lardone, G.A. Nores, J.A. Curtino, S. Capaldi, M. Perduca and H.L. Monaco
“Crystallization and preliminary X-ray study of the common edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) lectin” Acta Cryst. D 2004, 60, 718-720. DOI: 10.1107/S0907444904001969.

29. M. Galliano, L. Minchiotti, M. Campagnoli, A. Sala, L. Visai, A. Amoresano, P. Pucci, A. Casbarra, M. Cauci, M. Perduca and H. L. Monaco
“Structural and biochemical characterization of a new type of lectin isolated from carp eggs”
Biochemical J 2003, 376, 433-440. DOI: 10.1042/BJ20030413.

30. S.M. Di Pietro, B. Córsico, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco and J.A. Santomé
“Structural and Biochemical Characterization of Toad Liver Fatty Acid-Binding Protein”
Biochemistry 2003, 42, 8192-8203. DOI: 10.1021/bi034213n.

31. V. Nolan, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco, B. Maggio and G.G. Montich
“Interactions of Chicken Liver Basic Fatty Acid-Binding Protein with Lipid Membranes”
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2003, 1611, 98-106. DOI: 10.1016/S0005-2736(03)00030-0.

32. F. Vasile, L. Ragona, M. Catalano, L. Zetta, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco and H. Molinari
“Letter to the Editor: Solution Structure of Chicken Liver Basic Fatty Acid-Binding Protein”
J. Biomol. NMR 2003, 25, 157-160. DOI: 10.1023/A:1022277727303.

33. B. Verzola, M. Perduca, G. Mezo, F. Hudecz and P.G. Righetti
“Monitoring folding transitions of synthetic, branched-chain polymeric polypeptides by capillary zone electrophoresis” Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 794-800. DOI: 10.1002/elps.200390099

34. T. Beringhelli, I. Eberini, M. Galliano, A. Pedoto, M. Perduca, A. Sportiello, E. Fontana, H.L. Monaco and E. Gianazza
“pH and Ionic Strenght Dependence of Protein (Un)Folding and Ligand Binding to Bovine β-Lactoglobulins A and B” Biochemistry 2002, 41, 15415-15422. DOI: 10.1021/bi020493f.

35. S.M. Di Pietro, M. Perduca, J.A. Santomé and H.L. Monaco
“Crystallization and preliminary X-ray study of two Liver Basic Fatty Acid Binding Proteins”
Acta Cryst. D 2001, 57, 1903-1905. DOI: 10.1107/S0907444901016018.

36. T. Beringhelli, L. Goldoni, S. Capaldi, A. Bossi, M. Perduca and H.L. Monaco
“Interaction of Chicken Liver (Basic) Fatty Acid Binding Protein with Fatty Acids:
a 13C NMR and Fluorescence Study” Biochemistry 2001, 40, 12604-12611. DOI: 10.1021/bi011009w.

37. P.G. Righetti, S. Magnusdottir, C. Gelfi and M. Perduca
“Behaviour of inorganic and organic cations in the Debye-Hückel layer of DNA”
J. Chromatogr. A 2001, 920, 309-316. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00695-1.

38. M. Perduca, F. Mancia, R. Del Giorgio and H.L. Monaco
“Crystal structure of a truncated form of porcine odorant-binding protein”
Proteins 2001, 42, 201-209. DOI: 10.1002/1097-0134(20010201)42:2<201::AID-PROT70>3.0.CO;2-7.

39. G. Massolini, E. De Lorenzi, E. Calleri, C. Bertucci, H.L. Monaco, M. Perduca, G. Caccialanza and I.W. Wainer
“Properties of a stationary phase based on immobilised chicken liver basic fatty acid-binding protein” J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl. 2001, 751, 117-130. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4347(00)00464-3.

40. M. Perduca, A. Bossi, L. Goldoni, H.L. Monaco and P.G. Righetti
“Crystallization of chicken liver (basic) fatty acid-binding protein after purification in multiconpartment electrolyzers with isoelettric membranes”
Electrophoresis 2000, 21, 2316-2320. DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(20000701)21:12<2316::AID-ELPS2316>3.0.CO;2-0.

41. A. Amoresano, A. Brancaccio, A. Andolfo, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco and G. Marino
“The Carbohydrates of the Isoforms of three Avian Riboflavin-Binding Proteins”
Eur. J. Biochem. 1999, 263, 849-858. DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00570.x.

42. C. Gelfi, D. Mauri, M. Perego, M. Perduca and P.G. Righetti
”Capillary zone electrophoresis of ds-DNA in isoelectric buffers: effect of addition of competing, non Amphoteric ions” Electrophoresis 1998, 19, 1704-1710. DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150191030.

Oral Contributions

1.    M. Perduca
“Protein crystallization and structure solving: classical and novel methods” Master course in Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, University of Granada (Spain), July 2019

2.    A. Hmida-Sayari, F. Elgharbi, K. Salem, M. Perduca
“Structure/function/properties relationships and application of aGH11 xylanase” Second Mediterranean Congress On Biotechnology Mcb 2, Hôtel Saphir Palace Hammamet (Tunisia), March 2019.

3.    K. Salem, M. Perduca, A. Sayari, A. Hmida-Sayari
“Overexpression of a Bacillus subilis amylase in E.coli and application in bread making” Second Mediterranean Congress On Biotechnology Mcb 2, Hôtel Saphir Palace Hammamet (Tunisia), March 2019.

4.    M. Perduca
“Redefining the specificity of a human protein: the plasma retinol-binding protein case” The 17th International Days of Biotechnology (IDB/JIB 2018), Hotel Green Park Concorde, Sousse (Tunisia), December 2018.

5.    M. Perduca, S. Nicolis, B. Mannucci, M. Galliano, H.L. Monaco
“Can we obtain new information from old protein crystals? The plasma retinol-binding protein case.” III REUNIÓN DE LA ASOCIACIÓN LATINOAMERICANA DE CRISTALOGRAFÍA I ENCUENTRO DE LA AchCr, Valparaíso (Cile), October 2018.

6.    M. Perduca, S. Cheri, G. Glorani, A. Pisani, M. Bovi, A. Mattè, L. De Franceschi, M. Mottes, L.Dalle Carbonare, M.T. Valenti
“Treatment of skeletal diseases with a naturally derived antioxidant and bisphosphonate embedded nanoparticles” Biomaterials for healthcare, Roma (Italy), October 2016.

7.    M. Perduca
“The access to the binding cavity of Lipocalin-type Prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) is regulated by a Tryptophan gate” 1st Annual Gathering of Italian Structural Biologistst (Satellite Meeting of the XLIV National Congress of the Italian Crystallographic Association (AIC)), University of Piemonte Orientale - Vercelli (Italy), September 2015.

8.    M. Perduca
“Characterization of a novel endophytic strain of Burkholderia sp. associated to hybrid poplar in Finland harboring a peculiar dbt gene cluster involved in transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons” Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste (Italy), May 2013.

9.    M. Perduca
“Evergreen human lipocalin-type prostaglandin d synthase (L-PGDS)” XL National Congress of the Italian Crystallographic Association (AIC), University of Siena (Italy), September 2011.

10. M. Perduca, M. Bovi, S. Capaldi and H.L. Monaco
“Structural characterization of human lipocalin-type prostaglandin d synthase (L-PGDS)” Meeting FIRB 2009 - Metodologie e Tecnologie Innovative per la Farmaceutica, University of Verona (Italy), April 2009.

11. M. Perduca
“Structural studies on proteins involved in bile acid transport” A symposium honoring professor Sandro Coda, University of Pavia (Italy), December 2008.

12. M. Perduca
“Studiando le Fatty acid-binding Proteins…” NMR Laboratory, ICM, Milano (Italy), November 2006.

13. M. Perduca
“The protein data bank. Errors and model evaluation.” e “Protein-ligand and protein-protein interactions. Experimental results and docking.” Third international school on biology, computation and information (BCI 2006), Dobbiaco (Italy), September 2006.

14. M. Perduca
"The TTR F64L Italian Mutant. Iodine Effect on Protein Structure.” 5th international workshop on structural characterisation of proteins by nmr, x-ray diffraction and computational methods, San Vito di Cadore (Italy), June 2006.

15. M. Perduca, M. Guariento, M. Bovi, S. Capaldi, M.E. Carrizo and H.L. Monaco
"Ligand Binding to Chicken Liver Basic Fatty acid-Binding Protein. An X-ray Crystallography Study” 4th international workshop on structural characterisation of proteins by nmr, x-ray diffraction and computational methods, San Vito di Cadore (Italy), May 2004.

16. M. Perduca
“Introduzione alla biocristallografia” NMR Laboratory, ICM, Milano (Italy), June 1998.

Proceedings or Conference Papers

1.            Salem K., Perduca M., Elgharbi F., Sayari A., Hmida-Sayari A, (2018) Biochemical and molecular characterization of a recombinant α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis, The 17th International Days of Biotechnology (IDB/JIB 2018) - Sousse, Tunisia.

2.            Negri S., Commisso M., Merlin M., Gecchele E., Zeonin S., Perduca M., Avesani L., Guzzo F. (2018). Plant tryptamine and serotonin: in search of their biological role in the fruit, In Società Botanica Italiana 113° Congresso - V International Plant Science Conference (IPSC) - Fisciano (SA).

3.            Ballottari M., Cherubin A., De Stefanis L., Bovi M., Bargigia I., D’Andrea C., Perduca M. (2018). Light dependent redox catalysis by Photosystem I complexes encapsulated in organic nanoparticles, In PROTEINE 2018 - Verona.

4.            Perduca M., Nicolis S., Mannucci B., Galliano M., Monaco HL. (2018) Can we obtain new information from old protein crystals? The plasma retinol-binding protein case, 3rd Joint AIC-SILS Conference - Rome.

5.            Glorani G., Bovi M, González M.C., Perduca M., Monaco H.L. (2017). Purification and structural studies of a Tremella fuciformis mushroom lectin, In XLVI National Congress of the Italian Crystallographic Association (AIC) - Perugia.

6.            González M.C., Capaldi S., Glorani G., Bovi M., Perduca M. Monaco H.L. (2017). Structural and biophysical studies on the lectin domain of GalNAc-T6 for therapeutic applications, In XLVI National Congress of the Italian Crystallographic Association (AIC) - Perugia.

7.            M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco, S. Nicolis, M. Galliano (2016) Human plasma retinol-binding protein can physiologically be bound to palmitic acid; new information from old crystals, In IV Meeting of the Italian and Spanish Crystallographic Associations, hotel Sol Costa Atlantis Tenerife, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain.

8.            M.C González, S. Capaldi, M.E. Carrizo, L. Destefanis, M. Bovi, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco (2016) Structural studies of human acidic fibroblast growth factor mutants to be used in anticancer therapy, In IV Meeting of the Italian and Spanish Crystallographic Associations, hotel Sol Costa Atlantis Tenerife, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain.

9.            G. Glorani, M. Bovi, M.C González, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco (2016) Purification and structural studies of a Tremella fuciformis mushroom lectin, In IV Meeting of the Italian and Spanish Crystallographic Associations, hotel Sol Costa Atlantis Tenerife, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain.

10.         M. Perduca, M. Bovi, L. Destefanis, M. Bonaconsa, M.E. Carrizo, H.L. Monaco (2015). Unraveling the antitumoral properties of Arundo donax lectin, In XLIV National Congress of the Italian Crystallographic Association (AIC) - Vercelli.

11.         M.C González, S. Capaldi, M.E Carrizo, L. Destefanis, M. Bovi, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco (2015). Structural studies of human acidic fibroblast-growth factor (FGF1) mutants with a probable anticancer activity, In XLIV National Congress of the Italian Crystallographic Association (AIC) - Vercelli.

12.         S. Capaldi, B. Faggion, M.E. Carrizo, L. Destefanis, M.C. González, M. Perduca, M. Bovi, M. Galliano, H.L. Monaco (2015). Three-dimensional structure and ligand-binding site of carp Fishelectin (FEL), In XLIV National Congress of the Italian Crystallographic Association (AIC) - Vercelli.

13.         M.C. González, S. Capaldi, M. Perduca, B. Faggion, M.E. Carrizo, M. Bovi, L. Destefanis H.L. Monaco (2014). Crystallographic studies on carp Fishelectin (FEL), In: 2nd joint AIC-SILS conference – Firenze.

14.         L. Destefanis, M. Bovi, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco (2014). Structural studies of POL (Pleurotus ostreatus Lectin), a fungal lectin of medical interes, In: 2nd joint AIC-SILS conference – Firenze.

15.         M. Bovi, M. Perduca, M. Bertinelli, E. Bertini, L. Destefanis, M.E. Carrizo, S. Capaldi, H.L. Monaco (2014). High resolution structures of mutants of residues that affect access to the ligand-binding cavity of human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D Synthase, In: 2nd joint AIC-SILS conference – Firenze.

16.         E. Darra, M. Bovi, M. Perduca, F. Vivian, A Romeo, H.L. Monaco, S. Mariotto (2013). Inclusion of α-bisabolol into PLGA nanoparticles enhances its pro-apoptotic activity in human tumoral pancreatic cells, In: NANOTECHITALY 2013 – Venezia.

17.         L. Cenci, M. Bovi, L. Destefanis, N. Mazzucco, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco, P. Riello (2013). Preparation and characterization of silica nanoparticles conjugated with a protein that specifically recognizes human cancer cells, In: NANOTECHITALY 2013 – Venezia.

18.         L. Marongiu, M. Bovi, M. Donini, M. Perduca, F. Vivian, A. Romeo, H.L. Monaco, S. Dusi (2013). Inclusion into PLGA nanoparticles greatly improves the effectiveness of α-bisabolol to inhibit human Dendritic Cell pro-inflammatory activity, In: NANOTECHITALY 2013 – Venezia.

19.         N. Mazzucco, R. Marin, M. Bovi, M. Perduca, A. Benedetti, P. Riello (2013). Stealth silica nanoparticles for theranostic applications, In: NanoMedicine School - Trieste.

20.         M. Bovi, L. Cenci, M. Perduca, S. Capaldi, M.E. Carrizo, L. Civiero, L.R. Chiarelli, M. Galliano, H.L. Monaco (2012). BEL β-TREFOIL. A NOVEL LECTIN WITH ANTITUMORAL PROPERTIES IN KING BOLETE (BOLETUS EDULIS) MUSHROOMS, In: XLI Congresso della Associazione Italiana di Cristallografia (AIC) - Verona.

21.         M. Perduca, M. Bovi, S. Capaldi, H.L. Monaco (2011). Structural characterization and interaction studies of human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS), In: XL National Congress of the Italian Crystallographic Association (AIC) - Siena.

22.         M. Perduca; M. Bovi; S. Capaldi; H.L. Monaco (2011). Structural characterization and interaction studies of human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS), In: IXth European Symposium of The Protein Society - Stockholm.

23.         M. Perduca; M. Bovi; S. Capaldi; H.L. Monaco (2010). Structural characterization and interaction studies of human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS), In: 12th Naples Workshop on Bioactive Peptides - Naples.

24.         L. Civiero, S. Capaldi, M. Perduca, H.L Monaco. (2009). Expression, purification and crystallization attempts of Human Bile Acid-CoA:Amino acid N-Acyltransferase (BAAT), In: 5th European Crystallographic meeting - Istanbul.

25.         M. Perduca, M. Bovi, S. Capaldi, H.L. Monaco (2009). STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN LIPOCALIN-TYPEPROSTAGLANDIN D SYNTHASE (L-PGDS), In: Meeting FIRB 2009 - Verona.

26.         L. Civiero; S. Capaldi; M. Perduca; H.L. Monaco (2008). Expression, purification and crystallization attempts of Human Bile Acid-CoA:Amino acid N-Acyltransferase (BAAT), In: 9th INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ON THE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES - Como.

27.         M. Bovi, M. E. Carrizo, S. Capaldi, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco (2007). STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF ANTINEOPLASTIC LECTINS IN EDIBLE MUSHROOMS, In: 1st Meeting of the Italian and Spanish Crystallographic Associations (MISCA) - Copanello di Stalettì (Italy).

28.         G. Saccomani, S. Capaldi, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco (2007). Structural characterization of two bile acid-binding proteins in zebrafish (Danio rerio), In: 1st Meeting of the Italian and Spanish Crystallographic Associations (MISCA) - Copanello di Stalettì (Italy).

29.         M. Ferrarini, M. Perduca, G.M. Fabrizi, N. Rizzuto, H.L. Monaco (2006). Three-dimensional Structure of the Transthyretin (TTR) Phe64Leu Variant, JOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, In: 10TH MEETING OF THE ITALIAN PERIPHERAL NERVE STUDY GROUP  - Verona (Italy).

30.         M. Bovi, M.E. Carrizo, S. Capaldi, M. Perduca, E. Ambrosi, H.L. Monaco (2006). Structural Studies of Antineoplastic Lectins in Edible Mushrooms, In: VIII INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ON THE CRYSTALLOGRAPHYOF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES - Como (Italy).

31.         M. Perduca, M. Ferrarini, G.M. Fabrizi, N. Rizzuto, H.L. Monaco (2006). The TTR Italian Mutant: Iodine Effect on Protein Structure, In: VIII INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ON THE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES - Como (Italy).

32.         M.E.Carrizo, M. Bovi, S. Capaldi, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco (2005). Purification and characterization of a new lectin from the edible mushroom Boletus edulis with antiproliferative effect on tumor cell lines, In: SAIB, XLI Annual Meeting - X PABMB Congress - Pinamar, Buenos Aires Argentina

33.         M.E.Carrizo, M. Bovi, S. Capaldi, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco (2005). Purification and Characterization of a New Lectin From the Edible Mushroom Boletus edulis with Antiproliferative Effect on Tumor Cell Lines, In: X CONGRESS OF THE PANAMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (PABMB) - Pinamar, Buenos Aires (Argentina).

34.         M. Belén Decca, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco, G. G. Montich (2005). Influencia del Estado de Fase del Lipido Sobre la Interaccion de la Proteina Periferica L-BABP con Menbranas Anionicas, In: XXXIV REUNION ANUAL SOCIEDAD ARGENTINA DE BIOFISICA - Cordoba.

35.         Amoresano,  A. Carpentieri, M. Perduca, M. Galliano, L. Minchiotti, H.L. Monaco (2005). Glycosilation in Goat Folate Binding Protein Probed by Mass Spectrometric Approach, In: XVIII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GLYCOCONJUGATES - Firenze.

36.         M.E. Carrizo, S. Capaldi, M. Perduca, F. Irazoqui, G. Nores, H.L. Monaco (2004). Crystal structure and ligand selectivity of the antineoplastic lectin from the common edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), In: XL Annual Meeting ARGENTINE SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY - Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina

37.         M.E. Carrizo, S. Capaldi, M. Perduca, F.J. Irazoqui, G. Nores, H.L. Monaco (2004). Crystal structure and ligand selectivity of The antineoplastic lectin From the common edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), In: XL NATIONAL MEETING OF THE ARGENTINE SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (SAIB) - Sheraton Hotel, Iguazú / Misiones.

38.         S. Capaldi, M.E. Carrizo, M. Perduca, B. Faggion, M. Catalano, A.Tava, H.L. Monaco (2004). Anticarcinogenic Bowman Birk Inhibitor from Snail Medic Seeds (Medicago scutellata): The 2.0 Å Crystal Structure of the Tertiary Complex with Bovine Trypsin, In: 4th INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISATION OF PROTEINS BY NMR, X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS - San Vito di Cadore.

39.         M.E. Carrizo, S. Capaldi, M. Perduca, B. Faggion, F.J. Irazoqui, G.A. Nores, H.L. Monaco (2004). Crystal Structure of the Common Edible Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Lectin and of its Complex with the Tumour Associated T-antigen Disaccharide, In: 4th INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISATION OF PROTEINS BY NMR, X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS - San Vito di Cadore.

40.         M. Perduca, M. Guariento, M. Bovi, S. Capaldi, M.E. Carrizo, H.L. Monaco (2004). Ligand Binding to Chicken Liver Basic Fatty acid-Binding Protein. An X-ray Crystallography Study, In: 4th INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISATION OF PROTEINS BY NMR, X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS - San Vito di Cadore.

41.         G.G. Montich, V. Nolan, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco, M.A. Villarreal (2003). Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Liver Basic Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (Lb-FABP) in Lipid Membranes, In: BARILOCHE PROTEIN SYMPOSIUM, XXXIX ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ARGENTINE SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH - San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina).

42.         V. Nolan, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco, G.G. Montich (2003). pH-induced Conformational Changes of Liver Basic Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (Lb-FABP) in Lipid Membranes, In: BARILOCHE PROTEIN SYMPOSIUM, XXXIX ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ARGENTINE SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH - San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina).

43.         S. Capaldi, B. Faggion, M.E. Carrizo, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco (2003). Crystallographic Studies on Carp Fishelectin (FEL), In: VII INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ON THE CRYSTALLOGRAPHYOF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES - Como (Italy).

44.         M. Perduca, D. Nichesola, S. Capaldi, M.E. Carrizo, P.G. Righetti, H.L. Monaco (2003). Crystal Structure of Chicken Liver Basic Fatty Acid-Binding Protein complexed with cholic acid, In: VII INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ON THE CRYSTALLOGRAPHYOF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES - Como (Italy).

45.         M. Galliano, M. Campagnoli, A. Sala, L. Visai, A. Amoresano, A. Casbarra, M. Cauci, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco, P. Pucci (2003). A New Type of Lectin That Binds to Bacterial Cells Identified in Bony Fish Eggs, In: FIFTH EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM OF THE PROTEIN SOCIETY - Florence (Italy).

46.         T. Beringhelli, S. Capaldi, A. Sportiello, E. Fontana, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco (2001). NMR Studies of the Dynamic of Palmitic Acid Complexed with Chicken Liver Basic Fatty Acid-Binding Protein and Bovine beta-Lactoglobulin, In: XXXI CONGRESSO NAZIONALE RISONANZE MAGNETICHE - Parma (Italy).

47.         P.G. Righetti, S. Magnusdottir, C. Gelfi, M. Perduca (2001). The behaviour of inorganic and organic cations in the Debye-Hückel layer of DNA, In: ICES 2001 - Verona (Italy).

48.         P.G. Righetti, S. Magnusdottir, C. Gelfi, M. Perduca (2001). The behaviour of inorganic and organic cations in the Debye-Hückel layer of DNA, In: 24th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CAPILLARY CHROMATOGRAPHY & ELECTROPHORESIS - Las Vegas, Nevada (USA).

49.         M. Perduca, F. Mancia, H.L. Monaco (2001). Crystal structure of a truncated form of porcine odorant-binding protein, In: VI EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON CRYSTALLOGRAPHY - Cernobbio (Italy).

50.         Casbarra, M.C. Monti, A. Amoresano, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco, P. Pucci (2001). Chicken Liver (Basic) Fatty Acid-Binding Protein and its Complexes with Lipophilic Ligands, In: FOURTH EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM OF THE PROTEIN SOCIETY - Paris (France).

51.         P.G. Righetti, S. Magnusdottir, C. Gelfi, M. Perduca (2001). The behaviour of inorganic and organic cations in the Debye-Hückel layer of DNA, In: HPCE-2001 - Boston Massachusetts (USA).

52.         Nolan, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco, G.G. Montich, B. Maggio (2000). Interaction of Chicken Liver Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (ChLFABP) with Lipid Membranes, In: IV CONGRESO DE BIOFÍSICA DEL CONO SUR - Campinas (Brasil).

53.         T. Beringhelli, L. Goldoni, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco (2000). Studi 13C NMR dell'Interazione tra Acido Palmitico e la Proteina che Lega Acidi Grassi Estratta da Fegato di Pollo con pI=9, In: XX CONGRESSO DELLA SOCIETÀ CHIMICA ITALIANA - Rimini (Italy).

54.         M. Perduca, A. Bossi, L. Goldoni, H.L. Monaco, P.G. Righetti (2000). Crystallization of Chicken Liver (Basic) Fatty Acid-Binding Protein after Purification in Multicompartment Electrolyzers with Isoelectric Membranes, - Varese (Italy).

55.         Casbarra, A. Amoresano, M. Perduca, P. Pucci (2000). Analyses of Fatty Acid Binding Protein from Gallus Domesticus and its complexes, In: PROTEINE 2000 In: PROTEINE 2000 - Varese (Italy).

56.         T. Beringhelli, V. Delia, M. Freni, H.L. Monaco, M. Perduca, L. Ragona, L. Zetta, H. Molinari (1999). NMR Studies on the Binding Properties of Bovine beta-Lactoglobuline with Palmitic Acid on Varying the pH, In: XXX CONGRESSO NAZIONALE DI RISONANZE MAGNETICHE - Cortona (Italy).

57.         M. Perduca, A. Zenti, M. Galliano, L. Minchiotti, M. Campagnoli, A. Amoresano, P. Pucci, A. Coda, H.L. Monaco (1999). Structural Characterization of Goat milk folate-binding protein, In: PROTEINE 99 - Rome (Italy).

58.         M. Perduca, A. Zenti, A. Coda, H.L. Monaco (1999). A new crystal form of Chicken liver basic (pI 9.0) fatty acid-binding protein, In: V EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON CRYSTALLOGRAPHY - Como (Italy).

59.         C. Gelfi, D. Mauri, M. Perduca, N. Stellwagen, P.G. Righetti (1998). Capillary zone electrophoresis of ds-dna in isoelectric buffers: effect of addition of competing, no-amphoteric ions, In: ITP 98 - Venice (Italy).

60.         Amoresano, M. Perduca, H.L. Monaco, G. Marino (1998). The carbohydrate structure of three avian riboflavin-binding proteins, In: PROTEINE 98 - Genoa (Italy).

61.         F. Fogolari, L. Ragona, L. Zetta, S. Romagnoli, M. Perduca, H. Molinari (1998). Monomeric bovine beta-lactoglobuline adopts a beta-barrel fold at pH2, In: PROTEINE 98 - Genoa (Italy).

62.         M. Perduca, A. Zenti, A. Coda, H.L. Monaco (1998). A new crystal form of Chicken liver basic (pI 9.0) fatty acid-binding protein, In: PROTEINE 98 - Genoa (Italy).

63.         A.M. Bianucci, M. Tonelli, B. Bo, M. Perduca, E. De Lorenzi, G. Caccialanza, F. Mancia, H. Monaco (1992). A Model for Alpha1-Acid GlycoProtein and a Study of its Interaction with Chiral Drugs, In: JANUACHEM - Genoa (Italy).

64.         A.M. Bianucci, M. Tonelli, M. Perduca, B. Bo, G. Caccialanza, F. Mancia, H. Monaco (1992). A Model for Alpha1-Acid GlycoProtein, In: PROTEINE 92 - Pavia (Italy).